Canadian clinical trial registry

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Study Description

ACTEMRA (tocilizumab) is an IL-6 receptor antagonist used for the treatment of adult Rheumatoid Arthritis as well as Polyarticular (PJIA) and Systemic (SJIA) Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis. In this Phase II, the drug will be used to treat pediatric patients diagnosed with recurrent Adamantinomatous Craniopharyngioma including patients who have undergone surgery and/or radiation therapy.

Adamantinomatous Craniopharyngioma (ACP) is a highly debilitating pediatric brain tumor that lacks medical anti-tumor therapies. Current therapy, which depends largely on surgery and radiation, is associated with poor quality of life and becomes more challenging and risky in the setting of recurrent disease. Recent discoveries regarding the biological characteristics of ACP indicate that available agents, including IL-6 pathway blockers may have efficacy in the control of ACP. We hypothesize that the IL6- receptor antagonist ACTEMRA (tocilizumab) will be safe and effective at inducing tumor response in children with residual ACP.

In this study, up to 38 patients will receive tocilizumab at the dose approved for pediatric Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (< 30 kg: 12 mg/kg IV every 2 weeks; ≥30 kg: 8 mg/kg IV every 2 weeks). Therapy may continue for up to two years (26 cycles).

It will be a multi-center Phase 2 trial with two strata for patients aged >1 year and <25 years with unresectable ACP who may have been previously treated with radiation (Stratum 1, 18 patients) or without radiation (Stratum 2, 18 patients).

Inclusion Criteria

1. Age: Patients must be ≥ 12 months and ≤ 25 years of age at the time of study enrollment.
2. Diagnosis: Patients with histologically-confirmed adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma (ACP) Histologic confirmation of ACP may be made on solid tumor or, if no solid tumor can be safely obtained, cyst fluid with classic ACP characteristics of thick, cholesterol-rich, greenish-brown liquid in the context of imaging features consistent with craniopharyngioma, including lobulated, cystic/solid mass with calcifications that originates in the sellar/suprasellar region.
3. Disease Status: Patients must have measurable disease.
   • Stratum 1: Patients with progressive or recurrent ACP who demonstrate cystic and/or solid recurrence or progression at least 6 months post completion of radiation therapy
   • Stratum 2: Patients with measurable ACP who have undergone surgery but have NOT previously undergone irradiation (but may have received prior systemic or intracystic therapy). Progressive disease is allowed but not required.
4. Performance Level: Karnofsky ≥ 50% for patients > 16 years of age and Lansky ≥ 50 for patients ≤ 16 years of age (See Appendix I). Note: Neurologic deficits in patients with CNS tumors must have been stable for at least 7 days prior to study enrollment. Patients who are unable to walk because of paralysis, but who are up in a wheelchair, will be considered ambulatory for the purpose of assessing the performance score.
5. Prior Therapy: Patients must have recovered or stabilized from the acute toxic effects of prior treatments
   • Biologic (anti-neoplastic agent): At least 7 days must have elapsed after the last (systemic or intracystic) dose of a biologic agent. For agents that have known adverse events occurring beyond 7 days after administration, this period must be extended beyond the time during which adverse events are known to occur. The duration of this interval must be discussed with the study chair
   • Immunotherapy: At least 42 days after the completion of any type of systemic immunotherapy, e.g. tumor vaccines.
   • Monoclonal antibodies: At least 21 days after the last dose of a monoclonal antibody.
   • Radiation therapy: Patients must have had their last (conventional or hypofractionated) fraction of: a) Focal irradiation > 6 months prior to enrollment and b) No prior craniospinal irradiation is permitted.
   • Corticosteroids: Patients receiving dexamethasone must be on a stable or decreasing dose for at least 1 week prior to enrollment
   • Myelosuppressive systemic therapy: At least 21 days must have elapsed after the last systemic myelosuppressive therapy.
   • Surgery: At least 6 weeks must have elapsed since surgery.
6. Organ Function Requirements
   • Adequate Bone Marrow Function Defined as:
     • Peripheral absolute neutrophil count (ANC) ≥1000/mm3
     • Platelet count ≥100,000/mm3 (transfusion independent, defined as not receiving platelet transfusions for at least 7 days prior to enrollment)
     • Hemoglobin >8 g/dL (may be transfused)
   • Adequate Renal Function Defined as:
     • Creatinine clearance or radioisotope GFR > 70ml/min/1.73 m2 or
     • A serum creatinine based on (Schwartz et al. J. Peds, 106:522, 1985) age/gender as follows: 1 to < 2 years: maximum serum creatinine 0.6 mg/dL for males and females. 2 to < 6 years: maximum serum creatinine 0.8 mg/dL for males and females. 6 to < 10 years: maximum serum creatinine 1.0 mg/dL for males and females. 10 to < 13 years: maximum serum creatinine 1.2 mg/dL for males and females. 13 to < 16 years: maximum serum creatinine 1.5 mg/dL for males and 1.4 mg/dL for females. ≥ 16 years: maximum serum creatinine 1.7 mg/dL for males and 1.4 mg/dL for females.
   • Adequate Liver Function Defined as:
     • Total bilirubin within normal institutional limits
     • AST (SGOT) ≤ 2.5 × institutional upper limit of normal
     • ALT (SGPT) ≤ 2.5 × institutional upper limit of normal
   • Adequate Neurologic Function Defined as:
     • Patients with neurological deficits should have deficits that are stable for a minimum of 1 week prior to enrollment.
     • Patients with current seizure disorders may be enrolled if seizures are well-controlled on antiepileptic therapies.
7. Informed Consent: All patients and/or their parents or legally authorized representatives must sign a written informed consent. Assent, when appropriate, will be obtained according to institutional guidelines.

Exclusion Criteria

1. Pregnancy or Breast-Feeding: Pregnant or breast-feeding women will not be entered on this study due to unknown risks of fetal and teratogenic adverse events as seen in animal/human studies. Pregnancy tests must be obtained in girls who are post-menarchal. Males or females of reproductive potential may not participate unless they have agreed to use an effective contraceptive method for at least 90 days after discontinuation of drug for females and at least 60 days for males. For females of childbearing potential, agreement to remain abstinent (refrain from heterosexual intercourse) or use contraceptive methods (bilateral tubal ligation, male sterilization, hormonal contraceptives that inhibit ovulation, hormone-releasing intrauterine devices, and copper intrauterine devices; hormonal contraceptive methods must be supplemented by a barrier method) and agreement to refrain from donating eggs are required. For males of reproductive potential, agreement to remain abstinent (refrain from heterosexual intercourse) or use a condom, and agreement to refrain from donating sperm.
2. Gastrointestinal Disease: Patients with a history of serious gastrointestinal disease, including inflammatory bowel disease or gastrointestinal perforation
3. Concomitant Medications
   • Corticosteroids: Patients receiving corticosteroids who have not been on a stable or decreasing dose of corticosteroid for at least 7 days prior to enrollment are not eligible.
   • Investigational Drugs: Patients who are currently receiving another investigational drug are not eligible.
   • Anti-cancer Agents: Patients who are currently receiving other anti-cancer agents are not eligible.
4. Study Specific:
   • Patients who have an uncontrolled infection are not eligible.
   • Patients who have received any live or attenuated vaccinations within three months prior to start of therapy are not eligible.
   • Any significant concurrent medical or surgical condition that would jeopardize the patient's safety or ability to complete the study, including, but not limited to, disease of the nervous, renal, hepatic, cardiac (such as symptomatic congestive heart failure, unstable angina pectoris, cardiac arrhythmia), pulmonary, or endocrine system
   • Patients who have a history of Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Hepatitis B Virus, Hepatitis C Virus or Tuberculosis infection are not eligible.
   • Patients who have received a prior solid organ transplantation are not eligible.
   • Patients who in the opinion of the investigator may not be able to comply with the safety monitoring requirements of the study are not eligible.
   • Patients who have a history of alcohol, drug, or chemical abuse within 6 months of screening.
   • Patients who have had surgery within the last 6 weeks or who have concerns for poor postsurgical wound healing.
   • Patients who have a history of allergic reactions attributed to compounds of similar chemical or biologic composition to tocilizumab and its excipients are not eligible.

Other inclusion and exclusion criteria may apply.

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Centres

Study Description

This study is conducted in two phases. The phase 1 portion of the study evaluates the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics (PK), recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D), and effectiveness of lurbinectedin monotherapy in pediatric participants with previously treated solid tumors. This is followed by the phase 2 portion, to further assess the effectiveness and safety in pediatric and young adult participants with recurrent/refractory Ewing sarcoma.

This study is currently enrolling on:

Dose Level 2.6 mg/m2 for patients ≥ 2-<6 years old with advanced solid tumors

Dose Level 3.2 mg/m2 for patients ≥ 6-18 years old with advanced solid tumors (Phase 1 Part 1, Safety Expansion Cohort) - No Slots Available

Dose Level 3.2 mg/m2 for participants ≥6 to <30 years of age with advanced Ewing sarcoma (Phase 1 Part 2, Efficacy Cohort)

Inclusion Criteria

• Participant must meet the following age requirements at the time the informed consent form (ICF) (and assent form, if applicable) is signed:
  • Phase 1 Part 1: participants must be ≥ 2 to < 18 years of age.
  • Phase 1 Part 2: participants must be ≥ 2 to ≤ 30 years of age.
  • Phase 2: participants must be ≥ 2 to ≤ 30 years of age.
• Participant has a confirmed solid tumor
• The participant has a Lansky/Karnofsky performance status score of ≥ 50%.
• The participant has adequate liver function, evidenced by the following laboratory values:
  • Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ≤ 2.5 × upper limit of normal (ULN).
  • Total bilirubin ≤ 1.5 × institutional ULN (with the exception of participants with Gilbert's syndrome who must have bilirubin < 3 × institutional ULN).
• The participant has adequate bone marrow function, evidenced by the following:
  • Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) ≥ 1.0 × 109/L (independent of growth factor support within 1 week of screening laboratories).
• Platelets ≥ 100 × 109/L (without platelet transfusion within previous 7 days of screening laboratories).
  • Hemoglobin ≥ 8 g/dL (note: may have been transfused).
• The participant has an adequate renal function:
  • Calculated creatinine clearance (use Cockcroft-Gault formula for participants ≥ 18 years; Schwartz equation for participants < 18 years) ≥ 60 mL/min.
• The participant has an adequate cardiac function:
  • Left ventricular ejection fraction or shortening fraction per institutional norm ≥ institutional lower level of normal.
• The participant has creatine phosphokinase ≤ 2.5 × institutional ULN.
• The participant has body weight ≥ 15 kg.
• Capable of giving signed informed consent, which includes compliance with the requirements and restrictions listed in the ICF and in this protocol.

Male participants 

• Male participants are eligible to participate if they agree to the following during the study intervention period and for at least 4 months after the last dose of study intervention:
  • Refrain from donating sperm AND
  • Be abstinent from heterosexual intercourse as their preferred and usual lifestyle (abstinent on a long-term and persistent basis) and agree to remain abstinent 
  • OR must agree to use contraception/barrier as detailed below:
    • Agree to use a male condom with female partner and use of an additional highly effective contraceptive method with a failure rate of < 1% per year when having sexual intercourse with a Woman of childbearing potential (WOCBP) who is not currently pregnant.
    • Note: male participants who are azoospermic (vasectomized or due to a medical cause) are still required to follow the protocol-specified contraception/barrier criteria.

Female participants

• A female participant is eligible to participate if she is not pregnant or breastfeeding, and one of the following conditions applies:
  • Is a Woman of nonchildbearing potential (WONCBP). OR
  • Is a WOCBP and using an acceptable contraceptive method during the study intervention period (at least 7 months after the last dose of study intervention). The investigator should evaluate the potential for contraceptive method failure (eg, noncompliance, recently initiated) in relationship to the first dose of study intervention.
  • A WOCBP must have a negative highly sensitive pregnancy test (urine or serum as required by local regulations) within 7 days before the first dose of study intervention
    • If a urine test cannot be confirmed as negative (eg, an ambiguous result), a serum pregnancy test is required. In such cases, the participant must be excluded from participation if the serum pregnancy result is positive.
  • Additional requirements for pregnancy testing during and after study intervention.
  • The investigator is responsible for review of medical history, menstrual history, and recent sexual activity to decrease the risk for inclusion of a woman with an early undetected pregnancy.

Exclusion Criteria

• Corrected QT interval (QTc) prolongation defined as a QTc ≥ 470 ms using the Bazett formula.
• Known symptomatic Central nervous system (CNS) metastases requiring steroids. Participants with previously diagnosed CNS metastases are eligible if they have completed their treatment and have recovered from the acute effects of radiation therapy or surgery prior to enrollment, have discontinued high dose steroid treatment for these metastases for at least 2 weeks, and are neurologically stable (physiologic doses of steroids and short courses of steroids for other indications are acceptable).
• Persisting toxicity related to prior therapy; however, alopecia, sensory neuropathy, hypothyroidism, and rash Grade ≤ 2 are acceptable, and other Grade ≤ 2 adverse events (AEs) not constituting a safety risk based on the investigator's judgement are acceptable.
• An uncontrolled intercurrent illness including but not limited to ongoing or active infection requiring antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral therapy, symptomatic heart failure, cardiac arrhythmia, or psychiatric illness/social situations that would limit compliance with study requirements.
• Any other major illness that, in the investigator's judgment, could substantially increase the risk associated with participation in this study.
• Any other diseases, metabolic dysfunction, physical examination finding, or clinical laboratory finding giving reasonable suspicion of a disease or condition that contraindicates the use of an investigational drug or that may affect the interpretation of the results or render the participant at high-risk for treatment complications.
• Received prior treatment with lurbinectedin or trabectedin.
• Received prior treatment with any investigational product within 4 weeks of first infusion of study intervention. Observational studies are permitted.
• Received live or live attenuated vaccines within 4 weeks of the first dose of study treatment or plans to receive live vaccines during study participation. Administration of inactive vaccines or messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) vaccines (for example, inactivated influenza vaccines or COVID-19 vaccines) are allowed.
• Had major surgery ≤ 4 weeks or radiation therapy ≤ 2 weeks prior to enrollment unless fully recovered. Prior palliative radiotherapy is permitted, provided it was completed at least 2 weeks prior to participant enrollment.
• Received prior allogeneic bone marrow transplantation or solid organ transplant.
• Received chemotherapy ≤ 3 weeks prior to start of study intervention.
• Hepatitis B virus (HBV) or Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection at screening (positive HBV surface antigen or Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test for HCV RNA if HCV antibody test is positive).
• Human immunodeficiency infection at screening (positive anti-HIV antibody).
• Has a known or suspected hypersensitivity to any of the components of the study intervention.
• The participant or parent(s)/guardian(s) is/are unable to comply with the study visit schedule and other protocol requirements, in the opinion of the investigator

Other exclusion criteria may apply

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Centres

Study Description

Brief Summary:

Phase 1 will evaluate the safety and tolerability at different dose levels of repotrectinib in pediatric and young adult subjects with advanced or metastatic malignancies harboring anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), receptor tyrosine kinase encoded by the gene ROS1 (ROS1), or neurotrophic receptor kinase genes encoding TRK kinase family (NTRK1-3) alterations to estimate the Maximum Tolerated Dose (MTD) or Maximum Administered Dose (MAD) and select the Pediatric Recommended Phase 2 Dose (RP2D).- PHASE 1 IS NOW CLOSED

Phase 2 will determine the anti-tumor activity of repotrectinib in pediatric subjects with advanced or metastatic malignancies harboring ALK, ROS1, or NTRK1-3 alterations.

Detailed Description:

Enrollment of subjects into Phase 1 will proceed concurrently by age as follows:

• Subjects <12 years old will initially be enrolled in the Phase 1 part to determine the pediatric RP2D for this age group; once the pediatric RP2D is determined, subjects age <12 years old may be enrolled into the Phase 2 part of the study.
• Subjects 12 to 25 years old will be directly enrolled into the Phase 2 part concurrent with Phase 1 enrollment.

Phase 1:

Approximately 12 pediatric subjects with locally advanced or metastatic solid tumors, including a primary central nervous system (CNS) tumor, or anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL), with disease progression or who are non-responsive or intolerant to available therapies and for which no standard or available curative therapy exists.

Phase 2:

Subjects will be enrolled in one of 3 cohorts as follows:

Cohort 1: approximately 10-20 subjects with solid tumors characterized by NTRK fusion, TRK tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI)-naïve, and centrally confirmed measurable disease at baseline.

Cohort 2: approximately 23 subjects with solid tumors characterized by NTRK fusion, TRK TKI-pretreated, and centrally confirmed measurable disease at baseline.

Cohort 3: approximately 20 subjects with solid tumors or ALCL characterized by other ALK/ROS1/NTRK alterations or NTRK fusions without centrally confirmed measurable disease not otherwise eligible for Cohort 1 or 2.

Inclusion Criteria

Key Inclusion Criteria:

1. Documented genetic ALK, ROS1, or NTRK1-3 alteration (point mutation, fusion, amplification) as identified by local testing in a Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA) laboratory in the US or equivalently accredited diagnostic lab outside the United States (US) is required.
2. Age <12 years.
3. Prior cytotoxic chemotherapy is allowed.
4. Prior immunotherapy is allowed.
5. Resolution of all acute toxic effects (excluding alopecia) of any prior anti-cancer therapy to National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (NCI CTCAE) Version 4.03 Grade less than or equal to 1.
6. All subjects must have measurable disease by RECIST v1.1 or Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology Criteria (RANO) criteria at time of enrollment.
7. Subjects with a primary CNS tumor or CNS metastases must be neurologically stable on a stable or decreasing dose of steroids for at least 14 days prior to enrollment.
8. Subjects must have a Lansky (< 16 years) or Karnofsky (≥ 16 years) score of at least 50.
9. Life expectancy greater than or equal to 12 weeks.
10. Adequate hematologic, renal and hepatic function.

Phase 2 Inclusion Criteria:

1. Age 12 to <25 years

2. Cohort Specific Inclusion Criteria:

   • Cohort 1: Subjects with NTRK fusion gene positive (NTRK+) advanced solid tumors (including primary CNS tumors), that are tropomyosin receptor kinase (TRK) TKI naïve;
   • Cohort 2: subjects with NTRK+ advanced solid tumors (including primary CNS tumors), that are TRK TKI pre-treated;
   • Cohort 3: subjects with tumors or ALCL characterized by other ALK/ROS1/NTRK alterations or NTRK fusions without centrally confirmed measurable disease or not otherwise eligible for Cohort 1 or 2.
3. Subjects in Cohorts 1 and 2 must have prospectively confirmed measurable disease by BICR prior to enrollment.

Exclusion Criteria

1. Subjects with neuroblastoma with only bone marrow disease evaluable by bone marrow aspiration only.
2. Major surgery within 14 days (2 weeks) of start of repotrectinib treatment. Central venous access (Broviac, Mediport, etc.) placement does not meet criteria for major surgery.
3. Known active infections (bacterial, fungal, viral including HIV positivity).
4. Gastrointestinal disease (e.g., Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, or short gut syndrome) or other malabsorption syndromes that would impact drug absorption.

5. Any of the following cardiac criteria:

   • Mean resting corrected QT interval (ECG interval measured from the onset of the QRS complex to the end of the T wave) for heart rate (QTc) > 470 msec obtained from three ECGs, using the screening clinic ECG machine-derived QTc value
   • Any clinically important abnormalities in rhythm, conduction, or morphology of resting ECG (e.g., complete left bundle branch block, third degree heart block, second degree heart block, PR interval > 250 msec)
   • Any factors that increase the risk of QTc prolongation or risk of arrhythmic events such as heart failure, congenital long QT syndrome, family history of long QT syndrome, or any concomitant medication known to prolong the QT interval
6. Peripheral neuropathy of CTCAE ≥grade 2.
7. Subjects being treated with or anticipating the need for treatment with strong CYP3A4 inhibitors or inducers.

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Centres

Study Description

 This study is eligible for STEP-1 funding. Find more information here. 

Brief Summary:

The phase I portion of this study is designed for children or adolescents and young adults (AYA) with a diagnosis of a solid tumor that has recurred (come back after treatment) or is refractory (never completely went away). The trial will test 2 combinations of therapy and participants will be randomly assigned to either Arm A or Arm B. The purpose of the phase I study is to determine the highest tolerable doses of the combinations of treatment given in each Arm.

In Arm A, children and AYAs with recurrent or refractory solid tumors will receive 2 medications called Onivyde and talazoparib. Onivyde works by damaging the DNA of the cancer cell and talazoparib works by blocking the repair of the DNA once the cancer cell is damaged. By damaging the tumor DNA and blocking the repair, the cancer cells may die. In Arm B, children and AYAs with recurrent or refractory solid tumors will receive 2 medications called Onivyde and temozolomide. Both of these medications work by damaging the DNA of the cancer call which may cause the tumor(s) to die.

Once the highest doses are reached in Arm A and Arm B, then "expansion Arms" will open. An expansion arm treats more children and AYAs with recurrent or refractory solid tumors at the highest doses achieved in the phase I study. The goal of the expansion arms is to see if the tumors go away in children and AYAs with recurrent or refractory solid tumors. There will be 3 "expansion Arms". In Arm A1, children and AYAs with recurrent or refractory solid tumors (excluding Ewing sarcoma) will receive Onivyde and talazoparib. In Arm A2, children and AYAs with recurrent or refractory solid tumors, whose tumors have a problem with repairing DNA (identified by their doctor), will receive Onivyde and talazoparib. In Arm B1, children and AYAs with recurrent or refractory solid tumors (excluding Ewing sarcoma) will receive Onivyde and temozolomide.

Once the highest doses of medications used in Arm A and Arm B are determined, then a phase II study will open for children or young adults with Ewing sarcoma that has recurred or is refractory following treatment received after the initial diagnosis. The trial will test the same 2 combinations of therapy in Arm A and Arm B. In the phase II, a participant with Ewing sarcoma will be randomly assigned to receive the treatment given on either Arm A or Arm B.

Detailed Description:

ONITT (ONIvyde, Talazoparib, Temozolomide) is a phase I/II study which will evaluate two treatment regimens; nanoliposomal irinotecan (nal-IRN, Onivyde) plus talazoparib (TAL) and Onivyde (ONI) plus temozolomide (TMZ) for the treatment of recurrent or refractory (RR) Ewing sarcoma. A dose finding phase I study will be open to patients with recurrent or refractory solid tumors. Patients will be assigned to receive either ONI plus TAL (Arm A) or ONI plus TMZ (Arm B). Once the recommended phase II doses (RP2D) of Arm A and Arm B are determined, expansion cohorts (A1, B1) will open at the RP2Ds for enrollment of non-Ewing sarcoma solid tumor patients. There will be an additional Arm A expansion cohort (A2) for patients with homologous recombination repair defects. Concurrently, the phase II study will open to patients with RR Ewing sarcoma. In the phase II study, patients with RR Ewing sarcoma will be randomized to receive either ONI plus TAL or ONI plus TMZ. The primary endpoint will be progression-free survival (PFS). PFS of both treatment arms in the phase II study will be compared to one another by using a two-arm non-inferiority design when superiority is expected.

Phase I Primary Objective To determine the recommended phase 2 doses (RP2Ds) of Onivyde combined with talazoparib (Arm A) and Onivyde combined with temozolomide (Arm B) administered to children, adolescents and young adults with refractory or recurrent solid malignancies.

Phase I Secondary Objectives

• To characterize the safety profile of the drug regimens, Onivyde plus talazoparib (Arm A) and Onivyde plus temozolomide (Arm B).
• To characterize the plasma pharmacokinetics (PK) of Onivyde and talazoparib in children, adolescents and young adults with refractory or recurrent solid malignancies.
• To estimate the antitumor activity of Onivyde plus talazoparib and Onivyde plus temozolomide.

Phase I Exploratory Objectives

• To describe the relationship between UGT1A1 genotype status with toxicity and response.
• To describe the molecular profile of germline and tumors, including evaluation of mutations in homologous recombination genes and their possible association to therapy response in patients with recurrent or refractory solid tumors.
• To measure ctDNA at different time points and evaluate its relationship with response to therapy.
• To describe the safety profile of the combination Onivyde plus talazoparib and Onivyde plus temozolomide at the determined RP2D in children, adolescents and young adults treated in the expansion cohorts.
• To describe the palatability and ease of administration of talazoparib liquid suspension in children who are unable to swallow the capsules.

Phase II Primary Objectives

• To compare the progression-free survival (PFS) of Onivyde plus talazoparib and Onivyde plus temozolomide in patients with refractory or recurrent Ewing sarcoma.

Phase II Secondary Objectives

• To describe the toxicity of the treatment regimens.
• To describe the objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR) after cycle 4, duration of response (DoR), event free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) for patients receiving Onivyde plus talazoparib and Onivyde plus temozolomide.
• To characterize the plasma pharmacokinetics of Onivyde and talazoparib in children, adolescents and young adults with refractory or recurrent Ewing sarcoma.

Phase II Exploratory Objectives

• To describe the relationship between UGT1A1 genotype status with toxicity and response.
• To describe the molecular profile of germline and tumors, including evaluation of mutations in homologous recombination genes and their possible association to chemotherapy response in patients with recurrent or refractory Ewing sarcoma.
• To describe ctDNA at different time points and the relationship with response to therapy.
• To describe the palatability and ease of administration of talazoparib liquid suspension in children who are unable to swallow the capsules.

Phase I The phase I portion of the study will include 2 separate treatment arms, Arms A and B. Arm A will evaluate Onivyde plus talazoparib (ONI + TAL). Arm B will evaluate Onivyde plus temozolomide (ONI + TMZ). Both phase I studies will be open to patients with recurrent or refractory solid tumors who meet eligibility criteria. In Arm A, patients will receive intravenous Onivyde on Days 1 and 8. They will receive oral talazoparib twice on Day 1 and then daily on Days 2-6. In Arm B, patients will receive intravenous Onivyde on Days 1 and 8. They will receive oral temozolomide daily on Days 1-5. Pharmacokinetic testing will take place during Cycle 1. Therapy may continue for up to 24 months. Tumor assessments will be performed at baseline and repeated after cycles 2, 4, 6 and then every 4 cycles thereafter to assess disease status. If at any designated disease evaluation time point a patient develops a response that is better than the prior response (i.e. SD at Cycle 2 evaluation, then PR at Cycle 4 evaluation), an interim disease evaluation is recommended after 28 days to confirm response. Therapy will be discontinued if there is evidence of disease progression or drug-related dose limiting toxicities requiring removal from treatment. Safety and tolerability will be monitored continuously throughout study participation.

Phase II Following the completion of the phase I dose finding studies, patients with recurrent or refractory Ewing sarcoma that meet eligibility criteria will be eligible for randomization into the phase II study. Arm A will evaluate Onivyde plus talazoparib (ONI + TAL). Arm B will evaluate Onivyde plus temozolomide (ONI + TMZ). In Arm A, patients will receive intravenous Onivyde on Days 1 and 8. They will receive oral talazoparib twice on Day 1 and then daily on Days 2-6. In Arm B, patients will receive intravenous Onivyde on Days 1 and 8. They will receive oral temozolomide daily on Days 1-5. Pharmacokinetic testing will take place during Cycle 1. Therapy may continue for up to 24 months. Tumor assessments will be performed at baseline and repeated after Cycles 2, 4, 6 and then every 4 cycles thereafter to assess disease status. If at any designated disease evaluation time point a patient develops a response that is better than the prior response (i.e. SD at Cycle 2 evaluation, then PR at Cycle 4 evaluation), an interim disease evaluation is recommended after 28 days to confirm response. Therapy will be discontinued if there is evidence of disease progression and/or any other condition(s) occur that do not allow treatment continuation or similar toxicities requiring removal from the trial. Safety and tolerability will be monitored continuously throughout study participation.

Sample size: In the dose escalation phase I study, approximately 18 patients per arm will be enrolled for a total of 36 patients. The dose expansion phase I study will include 3 treatment cohorts. Arm A will have 2 dose expansion cohorts including 1) a non-ES solid tumor cohort (A1) and 2) a DNA repair defects/mutations cohort (A2). Arm B will have 1 dose expansion cohort including non-ES solid tumors (B1). Approximately 12 patients will enroll per expansion treatment cohort for a total of 36 patients. In the phase II study, 44 patients will be enrolled on each arm for a total of 88 patients.

Inclusion Criteria

Patients must be > 12 months and < 30 years at the time of enrollment on study.

Phase I

• Patients with refractory or recurrent non-central nervous system (CNS) solid tumors not amenable to curative treatment are eligible. Patients must have had histologic verification of malignancy at original diagnosis or at the time of relapse. Patients eligible for the expansion cohort, A2, will include non-ES patients with refractory or recurrent non-CNS solid tumors with a deleterious alteration in germline or somatic genes involved in HR repair and DSBs signaling, germline or somatic assessed by prior comprehensive sequencing performed in a CLIA-approved (or equivalent) facility.

Phase II

• Patients with refractory or recurrent Ewing sarcoma (during or after completion of first-line therapy). Refractory disease is defined as progression during first line treatment or within 12 weeks of completion of first line treatment. Recurrent disease includes patients who received first line treatment and experienced disease progression at any time point >12 weeks from the completion of first line therapy.
• Patients must have a histologic diagnosis of Ewing sarcoma with EWSR1- FLI1 translocation or other EWS rearrangement at the time of initial diagnosis. Repeat biopsy at the time of disease recurrence is strongly encouraged but it is not required/mandated for enrollment.

Disease status

• Patients must have either measurable or evaluable disease (see Section 7.0 for definitions). Measurable disease includes soft tissue disease evaluable by cross-sectional imaging (RECIST). Patients with bone disease without a measurable soft tissue component or bone marrow disease only are eligible for the phase 1 and phase 2 study but will not be included in the OR endpoint.
• Performance level: Karnofsky > 50% for patients > 16 years of age and Lansky > 50% for patients < 16 years of age. Patients who are unable to walk because of paralysis, but who are up in a wheelchair, will be considered ambulatory for the purpose of assessing the performance score.

Prior therapy

Phase I Patients who have received prior therapy with an irinotecan-based or temozolomide-based regimen are eligible. Patients who have received prior therapy with a PARP inhibitor other than talazoparib are eligible.

Phase II

• Patients should have received first line therapy and developed either refractory or recurrent disease (first relapse).
• Organ function: Must have adequate organ and bone marrow function as defined by the following parameters:
• Patients with solid tumors not metastatic to bone marrow:
• Peripheral absolute neutrophil count (ANC) >1,000/mm3 (1x109/L)
• Platelet count > 75,000/mm3 (75x109/L) (no transfusion within 7 days of enrollment)
• Hemoglobin > 9 g/dL (with or without support)

In the phase I study, patients with solid tumors metastatic to bone marrow or with bone marrow hypocellularity defined as <30% cellularity in at least one bone marrow site will be eligible for study, but they will not be evaluable for hematologic toxicity. These patients must not be refractory to red cell or platelet transfusions. At least 2 of every cohort of 3 patients (in the phase I study) must be evaluable for hematologic toxicity. If dose limiting hematologic toxicity is observed at any dose level, all subsequent patients enrolled at that dose level must be evaluable for hematologic toxicity.

• Adequate renal function defined as: Creatinine clearance or radioisotope GFR > 60ml/min/1.73m2 or a serum creatinine maximum based on age/sex: age 6months to <1 year, creatinine 0.4; 1 to < 2 years, creatinine 0.6; 2 < 6 years, creatinine 0.8; 6 < 10 years, creatinine 1; 10 to <13 years, creatinine 1.2; 13 to < 16 years creatinine 1.5 (males) or 1.4 (females); > 16 years, creatinine 1.7 (males) 1.4 (females)
• Adequate liver function defined as: normal liver function as defined by SGPT (ALT) concentration <5x the institutional ULN, a total bilirubin concentration <2x the institutional ULN for age, and serum albumin > 2g/dL.
• Adequate pulmonary function defined as no evidence of dyspnea at rest and a pulse oximetry > 94% if there is a clinical indication for determination. Pulmonary function tests are not required.
• Patients must have fully recovered from the acute toxic effects of chemotherapy, immunotherapy, surgery, or radiotherapy prior to entering this study:
• Myelosuppressive chemotherapy: Patient has not received myelosuppressive chemotherapy within 3 weeks of enrollment onto this study (8 weeks if received prior myeloablative therapy).
• Hematopoietic growth factors: At least 7 days must have elapsed since the completion of therapy with a growth factor. At least 14 days must have elapsed after receiving pegfilgrastim.
• Biologic (anti-neoplastic agent): At least 7 days must have elapsed since completion of therapy with a biologic agent. For agents that have known adverse events occurring beyond 7 days after administration, this period prior to enrollment must be extended beyond the time during which adverse events are known to occur.
• Monoclonal antibodies: At least 3 half-lives must have elapsed since prior therapy that included a monoclonal antibody or 28 days have elapsed since last dose of the monoclonal antibody with complete resolution of symptoms related to treatment.
• Radiotherapy: At least 2 weeks must have elapsed since any irradiation; at least 6 weeks must have elapsed since craniospinal RT, 131I-mIBG therapy or substantial bone marrow irradiation (e.g., >50% pelvis irradiation).
• Female participant who is post-menarchal must have a negative urine or serum pregnancy test and must be willing to have additional serum and urine pregnancy tests during the study.
• Female or male participant of reproductive potential must agree to use effective contraceptive methods at screening and throughout duration of study treatment.

Exclusion Criteria

Pregnant or breastfeeding

• Pregnant or breast-feeding women will not be entered on this study. Pregnancy tests must be obtained in girls who are post-menarchal. Males or females of reproductive potential may not participate unless they have agreed to use two methods of birth control: a medically accepted barrier of contraceptive method (e.g., male or female condom) and a second method of birth control during protocol therapy. Two highly effective methods of contraception are required for female patients during treatment and for at least 7 months after completing therapy. Male patients with female partners of reproductive potential and/or pregnant partners are advised to use two highly effective methods of contraception during treatment and for at least 4 months after the final dose.
• Male and female participants must agree not to donate sperm or eggs, respectively, after the first dose of study drug through 105 days and 45 days after the last dose of study drug. Females considered not of childbearing potential include those who are surgically sterile (bilateral salpingectomy, bilateral oophorectomy, or hysterectomy).

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Study Description

Relapse of AML is driven by chemotherapy resistant stem cells. One mechanism of chemotherapeutic resistance in AML is the overexpression of the protein B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2), an anti-apoptotic protein which sequesters intracellular activators of apoptosis. Venetoclax is a selective, potent, orally bioavailable, small molecule inhibitor of B-cell lymphoma (BCL)-2 that restores programmed cell death in cancer cells.

This is a trial for children, adolescents and young adults with 2nd relapsed AML or 1st relapsed AML unable to receive additional anthracycline.

This is randomized trial of venetoclax in combination with intensive chemotherapy (fludarabine/cytarabine/gemtuzumab ozogamicin) for the first two cycles that would inform and evaluate if this agent is an effective option for this population to improve its poor prognosis. Participants can receive up to two cycles of induction chemotherapy before hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Participants benefiting from treatment and who are not able to proceed to HSCT have the possibility to continue to receive azacitidine in monotherapy (Arm A, control arm) or in combination with venetoclax (Arm B, experimental arm).

Inclusion Criteria

• Participants must have enrolled on APAL2020SC, NCT Number: NCT04726241 prior to enrollment on ITCC-101/APAL2020D. (This is only applicable for participants in USA/Canada/Australia/New Zealand sites/LLS territory).
• Participants must be ≥ 29 days of age and ≤ 21 years of age at enrollment.
• Participants must have one of the following:
  • Children, adolescents, and young adults with acute myeloid leukemia without FLT3/internal tandem duplication (ITD) mutation in:
    • Second relapse, who are sufficiently fit to undergo another round of intensive chemotherapy
    • First relapse who per investigator discretion cannot tolerate additional anthracycline containing chemotherapy.
• Participants must have a performance status corresponding to Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) scores of 0, 1 or 2 (≥ 50% Lansky or Karnofsky score)
• Participants must have fully recovered from the acute toxic effects of all prior anti-cancer therapy and must meet the following minimum duration from prior anti-cancer directed therapy prior to start of protocol treatment:
  • Cytotoxic chemotherapy: Must not have received cytotoxic chemotherapy within 14 days prior to start of protocol treatment, except for corticosteroids, low dose cytarabine or hydroxyurea that can be given up to 24 hours prior to start of protocol treatment.
  • Intrathecal cytotoxic therapy: No wash-out time is required for participants having received any combination of intrathecal cytarabine, methotrexate, and/or hydrocortisone.
  • Antibodies: ≥ 21 days must have elapsed from infusion of last dose of an antibody-drug conjugate before start of protocol treatment. For unmodified antibodies or T cell engaging antibodies, 2 half-lives must have elapsed before start of protocol treatment. Any toxicity related to prior antibody therapy must be recovered to Grade ≤ 1.
  • Interleukins, Interferons and Cytokines (other than Hematopoietic Growth Factors): ≥ 21 days after the completion of interleukins, interferon or cytokines (other than Hematopoietic Growth Factors) before start of protocol treatment.
  • Hematopoietic growth factors: ≥ 14 days after the last dose of a long-acting growth factor (e.g., pegfilgrastim) or ≥7 days for short-acting growth factor before start of protocol treatment.
  • Radiation therapy (RT) (before start of protocol treatment):
    • ≥ 14 days have elapsed for local palliative RT (small port);
    • ≥ 84 days must have elapsed if prior craniospinal RT or if ≥ 50% radiation of pelvis;
    • ≥ 42 days must have elapsed if other substantial bone marrow (BM) radiation.
  • Stem Cell Infusions (before start of protocol treatment):
    • ≥ 84 days since allogeneic (non-autologous) bone marrow or stem cell transplant (with or without total body irradiation [TBI]) or boost infusion (any stem cell product; not including donor lymphocyte infusion [DLI])
    • No evidence of active graft versus host disease (GVHD).
  • Participants who are receiving cyclosporine, tacrolimus or other agents to treat or prevent either graft-versus-host disease post bone marrow transplant or organ rejection post-transplant are not eligible for this trial. Participants must be off medications to treat or prevent either graft-versus-host disease post bone marrow transplant or organ rejection post-transplant for at least 14 days prior to enrollment
  • Cellular Therapy: ≥ 42 days after the completion of donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) or any type of cellular therapy (e.g., modified T cells, natural killer [NK] cells, dendritic cells, etc.) before start of protocol treatment.
  • Participants with prior exposure to venetoclax are eligible in this trial
• Adequate organ function:
  • Adequate Renal Function defined as:
    • Creatinine clearance or radioisotope glomerular filtration rate (GFR) ≥ 60ml/min/1.73 m^2, or
    • Normal serum creatinine based on age/sex
  • Adequate Liver Function defined as:
    • Direct bilirubin < 1.5 x upper limit of normal (ULN), and
    • Alkaline phosphatase ≤ 2.5 x ULN, and
    • Serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ≤ 2.5 x ULN. If liver abnormality is due to radiographically identifiable leukemia infiltrate, the participant will remain eligible.
  • Cardiac performance: Minimum cardiac function defined as:
    • No history of congestive heart failure in need of medical treatment
    • No pre-treatment diminished left ventricular function on echocardiography (shortening fraction [SF] < 25% or ejection fraction [EF] < 40%)
    • No signs of congestive heart failure at presentation of relapse.
• Participant, parent or guardian must sign and date informed consent and pediatric assent (when required), prior to the initiation of screening or study specific procedures, according to local law and legislation.

Exclusion Criteria

• Participants who in the opinion of the investigator may not be able to comply with the study requirements of the study, are not eligible.
• Participants with Down syndrome.
• Participants with Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) or Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML).
• Participants with isolated CNS3 disease or symptomatic CNS3 disease.
• Participants with malabsorption syndrome or any other condition that precludes enteral administration of venetoclax.
• Participants who are currently receiving another investigational drug (GO is not considered investigational in this study).
• Participants with Fanconi anemia, Kostmann syndrome, Shwachman syndrome or any other known congenital bone marrow failure syndrome.
• Participants with known prior allergy to any of the medications used in protocol therapy.
• Participants with documented active, uncontrolled infection at the time of study entry.
• No known human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.
• Post menarchal female participants with positive pregnancy test.
• Concomitant Medications
  • Participants who have received strong and moderate CYP3A inducers such as rifampin, carbamazepine, phenytoin, and St. John's wort within 7 days of the start of study treatment.
  • Participants who have consumed grapefruit, grapefruit products, Seville oranges (including marmalade containing Seville oranges) or starfruit within 3 days of the start of study treatment.
  • Participants who have hypersensitivity to the active substance or to any of the excipients listed in summary of product characteristics (SPC).
• Pregnancy or Breast-Feeding:
  • Participants who are pregnant or breast-feeding.
  • Participants of reproductive potential may not participate unless they have agreed to use a highly effective contraceptive method per clinical trials facilitation group (CTFG) guidelines for the duration of study therapy and for 6 months after the completion of all study therapy.
  • Male participants must use a condom during intercourse and agree not to father a child or donate sperm during therapy and for the duration of study therapy and for 4 months after the completion of all study therapy.

Additional criteria to receive a gemtuzumab ozogamicin infusion:

Gemtuzumab ozogamicin should not be given:

• to participants with history of veno-occlusive disease (VOD)/Sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (SOS) grade 4
• to participants with history of VOD/SOS grade 3
• to participants with CD33 negative leukemic blasts (determined at local lab)

Note that these participants are eligible for the study but will not be treated with gemtuzumab ozogamicin.

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Study Description

This research is being done to try to find new combinations of treatment that may be better for treating patients with this disease. It is not clear however if these treatments can offer better results than standard treatment.

The study uses a "pick the winner" design to facilitate efficient screening of novel combination treatment regimens and select those meeting pre-specified criteria for testing in the phase III setting. All novel treatment options will be compared against the standard treatment for this disease: rituximab plus gemcitabine, dexamethasone, and cisplatin (R-GDP).

Inclusion Criteria

• Patients with histologic diagnosis for one of the following histologies according to the World Health Organization: documented at initial diagnosis or at relapse:
  • Diffuse large cell lymphoma, B-cell (includes primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma, T-cell rich B-cell lymphoma);
  • Previous indolent lymphoma (follicular lymphoma, marginal zone lymphoma, including extranodal MALT lymphoma, lymphoplasmacytoid lymphoma) with transformation to diffuse large B-cell lymphoma at most recent relapse (biopsy proof of transformation is mandatory);
  • Unclassifiable B-cell lymphoma with indeterminate features between diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and Burkitt lymphoma.
• Biopsy proof of disease at initial diagnosis is mandatory. A repeat biopsy in primary refractory disease is preferred but not mandatory to confirm progressive disease. A biopsy at relapse is preferred but not mandatory. Participating centres must designate a local reference expert pathologist who will confirm the diagnosis for the patients enrolled at that centre.
• Patients must be CD20+ in order to be eligible for the study.
• Clinically and/or radiologically measurable disease (one site bidimensionally measurable). Measurements/ evaluations must be done within 28 days prior to randomization.
• Prior FDG-PET scan, if done at baseline, must be positive (known FDG-avid lymphoma)
• Patients with de novo aggressive B-cell lymphoma must have relapsed or progressed, or have refractory disease, after 1 prior line of therapy (R-CHOP chemotherapy or equivalent). Patients with histological transformation from low grade lymphoma may have had up to 3 prior treatment regimens. Patients with transformed low grade lymphoma treated with a non-anthracycline regimen may be enrolled at investigator discretion.
• Patient age is ≥16 years. Patients older than 65 years of age are not recommended for this study.
• ECOG performance status of 0, 1 or 2.
• Patient must be considered fit for intensive chemotherapy and ASCT, and an appropriate candidate to receive second-line salvage chemotherapy and ASCT.
• Life expectancy > 90 days.
• Laboratory Requirements: (must be done within 14 days of randomization)
  • Hematology
    • Granulocytes (AGC) ≥ 1.0 x 10^9/L (independent of growth factor support)
    • Platelets ≥ 100 x 10^9/L (50 x 10^9/L if bone marrow involvement by lymphoma, independent of transfusion support)
  • Biochemistry
    • AST and ALT ≤ 3x ULN (if both are done, both must be <3x UNL)
    • Serum total bilirubin ≤ 1.5x ULN (≤ 5x ULN if Gilberts Disease)
    • Serum Creatinine ≤ 1.5x ULN (or estimated GFR of ≥ 40 mL/min/1.73m2 using Cockcroft Gault formula).
• Women must be post-menopausal, surgically sterile or use reliable forms of contraception while on study. Women of child bearing potential and men who are sexually active must be practicing a highly effective method of birth control during and after the study consistent with local regulations regarding the use of birth control methods for subjects participating in clinical trials. Men must agree to not donate sperm during and after the study. These restrictions apply for 12 months (1 year) after the last dose of study drug.
  • Women of childbearing potential must have a pregnancy test taken (either by serum beta-human chorionic gonadotropin [B-hCG]) or urine) and proven negative within 14 days prior to randomization. Women who are pregnant or breastfeeding are ineligible for this study.
• Patient consent must be appropriately obtained in accordance with applicable local and regulatory requirements. Each patient must sign a consent form prior to enrollment in the trial to document their willingness to participate.
• Patients must be accessible for treatment and follow up. Patients randomized on this trial must be treated and followed at the participating centre. This implies there must be reasonable geographical limits (for example: 1 ½ hour's driving distance) placed on patients being considered for this trial. Investigators must assure themselves the patients randomized on this trial will be available for complete documentation of the treatment, response assessment, adverse events, and follow-up.

In accordance with CCTG policy, protocol treatment is to begin within 5 working days of patient randomization.

Exclusion Criteria

• Patients with a history of other malignancies, except: adequately treated non-melanoma skin cancer and superficial bladder cancer, curatively treated in-situ cancer of the cervix or breast, or localized excised prostate cancer, other solid tumours curatively treated with no evidence of disease for ≥ 3 years.
• Active and uncontrolled central nervous system involvement, meningeal or parenchymal. Patients with CNS disease at initial presentation and who are in a CNS CR at the time of relapse are eligible. MRI scanning and / or lumbar puncture should be performed if there is clinical suspicion of active CNS disease.
• Major surgery performed within 10 days of randomization.
• Known history of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), active Hepatitis C Virus infection, active Hepatitis B Virus infection or any uncontrolled active systemic infection requiring intravenous (IV) antibiotics. Patients with Hepatitis B serology suggestive of infection are eligible if they are HBV DNA negative and concurrently treated with anti-viral therapy. Patients with a past history of hepatitis C who have eradicated the virus are eligible.
• Patients who have been vaccinated with live, attenuated vaccines within 4 weeks of randomization.
• Clinically significant cardiovascular disease such as uncontrolled or symptomatic arrhythmias, congestive heart failure, or myocardial infarction within 6 months of Screening, or any Class 3 (moderate) or Class 4 (severe) cardiac disease as defined by the New York Heart Association Functional Classification.
• Any serious active disease or co-morbid medical condition, including psychiatric illness, judged by the local investigator to preclude safe administration of the planned protocol treatment or required follow-up.
• Any other serious intercurrent illness, life threatening condition, organ system dysfunction, or medical condition judged by the local investigator to compromise the subject's safety, interfere with the absorption or metabolism of selinexor tablets, or preclude safe administration of the planned protocol treatment or required follow-up, including (for example):
  • active, uncontrolled bacterial, fungal, or viral infection;
  • clinically significant cardiac dysfunction or cardiovascular disease.
• Pregnant or lactating females, or women of childbearing potential not willing to use an adequate method of birth control for the duration of the study.
• Patients are not eligible if they have a known hypersensitivity to the study drugs or their components.

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Study Description

Brief Summary:

The study evaluates CLR 131 in children, adolescents, and young adults with relapsed or refractory High Grade Glioma (HGG) for which there are no standard treatment options with curative potential.

Part A for Solid Tumors, Lymphoma, and Malignant  Brain Tumors is now closed. This study is exclusively enrolling on Part B for HGG

Detailed Description:

Even with standard, highly toxic multimodality therapies and salvage regimen, most pediatric patients with primary metastatic or relapsed solid tumors are confronted with a poor prognosis. For these patients there is currently no accepted successful treatment regimen. There is a need for new drugs, including targeted radiopharmaceuticals, preferably with cancer-specific uptake and broad applicability for these rare pediatric malignancies.

CLR 131 is a radioiodinated therapeutic that exploits the selective uptake and retention of phospholipid ethers (PLEs) by malignant cells. Cellectar Biosciences' novel cancer-targeted small-molecule compound (CLR1404) is radiolabeled with the isotope iodine-131 (I-131). CLR 131 has demonstrated tumor selective uptake across numerous adult and pediatric cancer cell types. Therapeutic efficacy has been demonstrated in various pediatric and adult-type cancer xenograft models, confirming the ability of CLR 131 to target tumors.

Based on the critical unmet medical need for effective agents with novel mechanisms of action in relapsed pediatric cancers and initial preclinical and clinical experience with radioiodinated CLR1404, Cellectar Biosciences has chosen to assess CLR 131 in a phase 1 pediatric trial.

Inclusion Criteria

• Previously confirmed (histologically or cytologically) HGG that is clinically or radiographically suspected to be relapsed, refractory, or recurrent. Patients with DIPG are exempt from histologic verification if they have typical MRI findings of DIPG (i.e., hypo- or isointense on T1-weighted imaging, hyperintense on FLAIR or T2-weighted imaging, epicenter in the pons, greater than 50% of pons involved) and the risk of tumor biopsy is prohibitive. Patients with a diagnosis of ependymoma may enroll with prior Sponsor approval.
  • Refractory is defined as:
    • Lack of response (stable disease) or disease progression while on therapy
    • Disease progression within 3 months of cessation of therapy
• Patient is ≥ 10 years and ≤ 25 years of age at time of consent/assent
• Patients ≥ age 16 years must have a Karnofsky performance status of ≥ 60. Patients < age 16 years must have a Lansky performance status of ≥ 60
• Patients must meet the following lab criteria:
  • Platelets ≥ 75,000/µL [75 x 10⁹ /L] (last transfusion, if any, must be at least 1 week prior to study registration, and, unless deemed medically necessary, no transfusions are allowed between registration and dosing)
  • Absolute neutrophil count ≥ 750/µL [0.75 x10⁹/L]
  • Hemoglobin ≥ 8 g/dL [80 g/L] (last transfusion must be at least 1 week prior to study registration, and, unless deemed medically necessary, no transfusions are allowed between registration and dosing)
  • Using the bedside Schwartz formula [Schwartz 2009], estimated GFR (creatinine clearance) > 60 ml/min/1.73m²
  • Alanine aminotransferase < 3 × ULN
  • Bilirubin < 2 × ULN
• At least 1 measurable intracranial lesion with longest diameter of at least 10 mm on any imaging sequence.
• Patients with previously known neurological deficits must be clinically stable for one week prior to enrollment and be able to complete all study related procedures
• If patient receives steroids for neurological symptom control, the dose must be stable (unchanged for one week prior to enrollment) or on a steroid tapering regimen. Initiation of steroids per routine care immediately prior to CLR 131 dosing is acceptable.
• Patient or his or her legal representative is judged by the Investigator to have the initiative and means to be compliant with the protocol.
• Patient or his or her legal representative has the ability to read, understand, and provide written informed consent for the initiation of any study-related procedures.
• Female patients of childbearing potential must have a negative pregnancy test at screening and within 24 hours of dosing. It is recommended that female caregivers of childbearing potential have a negative pregnancy test within one week of dosing.
• Patients of childbearing potential must practice an effective method of birth control while participating on this study to avoid possible harm to the fetus.

Exclusion Criteria

• Antitumor therapy or investigational therapy, within three-half-lives of the agent preceding the present study. For certain types of radiation (craniospinal, total abdominal, whole lung [spot irradiation to skull-based metastases is not considered craniospinal radiation for the purposes of this study]), at least 3 months must have elapsed. Palliative focal radiation to non-target lesions should be completed at least 2 weeks prior to dosing. NOTE: Patients participating in non-interventional clinical trials (i.e., non-drug) are allowed to participate in this trial.
• History of hypersensitivity to thyroid protection medication (e.g., potassium iodide, Lugol’s solution, etc.)
• Any other concomitant serious illness or organ system dysfunction (including cardiac and pulmonary dysfunction) that in the opinion of the Investigator would either compromise patient safety or interfere with the evaluation of the safety of the test drug.
• Major surgery within 6 weeks of enrollment unless delay in therapy poses unacceptable risk to the patient due to clinical progression (enrollment of such patients should be discussed with Medical Monitor).
• Known history of human immunodeficiency virus or uncontrolled, serious, active infection.
• Pregnancy or breastfeeding
   

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Study Description

The participants of this study will be children, adolescents, and young adults with residual osteosarcoma, which cannot be removed completely through surgery.

Participants will have achieved a partial response or stable disease at the end of conventional chemotherapy. Osteosarcoma is cancer of the bone. The cancer cells make immature bone cells, known as osteoid.

Osteosarcoma is very rare, but it is the most common type of bone cancer in children and teens. It is most common in teens and young adults.

In this study, participants will receive either cabozantinib and best supportive care or the best supportive care alone. Best supportive care will be provided at the investigator's discretion and according to institutional guidelines.

It includes antibiotics, nutritional support, correction of metabolic disorders, optimal symptom control and pain management (including radiotherapy), etc. but does not include tumor specific therapy.

Cabozantinib will be taken by mouth (orally), as a tablet, once a day. Cabozantinib will be provided to participants who tolerate it for as long as their disease does not progress. Participants in the study receiving best supportive care alone may switch to treatment with cabozantinib and best supportive care if their disease progresses and if other eligibility criteria are met.

Participants may withdraw consent to participate at any time.

The estimated duration of the study for participants is 24 months, however a participant could remain in the study longer if demonstrating treatment benefit.

Inclusion Criteria

• Participants must be ≥5 and ≤30 years of age at the time of study entry.
• Histologically or cytologically confirmed diagnosis of high-grade osteosarcoma as defined by a local pathologist
• Participants with unresectable residual disease after standard chemotherapy treatment at diagnosis or first relapse (treated with systemic chemotherapy). A minimum of 4 cycles of systemic chemotherapy (or minimum of 2 cycles if chemotherapy was stopped early due to toxicity) must have been received.
• Measurable residual or evaluable disease by RECIST version 1.1. Participants will be considered with evaluable disease if they have only non-measurable disease as per RECIST version 1.1 criteria.
• Absence of Progressive Disease (PD) (defined by the investigator according to RECIST version 1.1) at study entry. Note, the two most recent radiological evaluations (e.g. computerised tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan) including the one following completion of chemotherapy should be available later to facilitate BIRC review.
• Chemotherapy must be the last anticancer treatment received by participants before study entry and must have been completed at least 4 weeks but no longer than 2 months before randomization.
• Participants must have recovered to Grade ≤1, except for alopecia, ototoxicity, and Grade ≤2 peripheral neuropathy, per Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) version 5.0) from the acute toxic effects of all prior anticancer therapy at study entry, unless AEs are clinically non significant and/or stable on supportive therapy, per investigator clinical judgment.
• Life expectancy >6 months.
• Performance level: participants must have a Lansky or Karnofsky performance status score of ≥70 corresponding to Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) categories 0-1.
• Adequate organ and marrow function.
• Adequately controlled blood pressure (BP) with or without antihypertensive medications.
• Male and/or female (according to their reproductive organs and functions assigned by chromosomal complement) (FDA 2016)
• Contraception and barriers as well as pregnancy testing is required as appropriate for the age and sexual activity of pediatric participants and as required by local regulations.
• All participants (typically ≥18 years) and/or their parents or legal guardians must sign a written informed consent and assent must be obtained from minor participants according to local guidelines.

Exclusion Criteria

• Low grade osteosarcoma and periosteal osteosarcoma
• Previous treatment with cabozantinib or another Mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET)/hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) inhibitor (e.g., tivantinib, crizotinib).
• Receipt of any type of small molecule kinase inhibitor (including investigational kinase inhibitor) within 2 weeks or 5 half-lives of the agent, whichever is longer, before first dose of study intervention.
• Receipt of any type of cytotoxic, biologic or other systemic anticancer therapy (including investigational) within 4 weeks before first dose of study intervention (or washout of at least 5 half-lives, whichever is shorter).
• Known brain metastases or cranial epidural disease unless adequately treated with radiotherapy and/or surgery (including radiosurgery or major surgery e.g., removal or biopsy of brain metastasis) and stable for at least 4 weeks prior to randomization. Eligible participants must be neurologically asymptomatic and without systemic corticosteroid treatment at the time of randomization. Note: Participants with a known seizure disorder who are receiving non-enzyme inducing anticonvulsants and have well-controlled seizures on a stable dose of anti-convulsant may be enrolled.
• Participants who have an uncontrolled/active infection requiring systemic therapy.
• Participants who are unable to swallow intact tablets.
• Participants with uncontrolled, significant intercurrent or recent illness.
• Previously identified allergy or hypersensitivity to components of the study treatment formulations.
• Any other active malignancy at time of first dose of study intervention or diagnosis of another malignancy within 3 years prior to first dose of study intervention that requires active treatment.
• Pregnancy or breast-feeding.
• Participants who in the opinion of the investigator may not be able to comply with the requirements of the study are not eligible
• Major surgery (eg, orthopaedic surgery, removal or biopsy of brain metastasis) within 8 weeks before randomization. Complete wound healing from major surgery must have occurred 4 weeks before randomization and from minor surgery (eg, simple excision, tooth extraction) at least 10 days before randomization. Participants with clinically relevant ongoing complications from prior surgery are not eligible.