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Study Description

This phase II trial studies how well combination chemotherapy works in treating patients with newly diagnosed stage II-IV diffuse anaplastic Wilms tumors (DAWT) or favorable histology Wilms tumors (FHWT) that have come back (relapsed). Drugs used in chemotherapy regimens such as UH-3 (vincristine, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, carboplatin, etoposide, and irinotecan) and ICE/Cyclo/Topo (ifosfamide, carboplatin, etoposide, cyclophosphamide, and topotecan) work in different ways to stop the growth of tumor cells, either by killing the cells, by stopping them from dividing, or by stopping them from spreading. This trial may help doctors find out what effects, good and/or bad, regimen UH-3 has on patients with newly diagnosed DAWT and standard risk relapsed FHWT (those treated with only 2 drugs for the initial WT) and regimen ICE/Cyclo/Topo has on patients with high and very high risk relapsed FHWT (those treated with 3 or more drugs for the initial WT).

PRIMARY OBJECTIVES:

I. To evaluate whether the addition of vincristine/irinotecan to cyclophosphamide/ carboplatin/etoposide alternating with vincristine/doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide improves the event-free survival (EFS) of patients with newly diagnosed stage 4 diffuse anaplastic Wilms tumor (DAWT) as compared to historical controls.

II. To evaluate whether the addition of vincristine/irinotecan to cyclophosphamide/carboplatin/etoposide alternating with vincristine/doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide improves the EFS of patients with standard-risk relapsed favorable histology Wilms tumor (SRrFHWT) as compared to historical controls.

SECONDARY OBJECTIVES:

I. To evaluate whether the addition of vincristine/irinotecan to cyclophosphamide/carboplatin/etoposide alternating with vincristine/doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide improves the overall survival (OS) of patients with newly diagnosed stage 4 DAWT as compared to historical controls.

II. To evaluate whether the addition of vincristine/irinotecan to cyclophosphamide/carboplatin/etoposide alternating with vincristine/doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide improves the OS of patients with SRrFHWT as compared to historical controls.

III. To evaluate whether the addition of vincristine/irinotecan to cyclophosphamide/carboplatin/etoposide alternating with vincristine/doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide improves the EFS and OS of patients with newly diagnosed stage 2 and 3 DAWT as compared to historical controls.

IV. To establish EFS and OS for high-risk (HRrFHWT) and very high risk (VHRrFHWT) relapsed favorable histology Wilms tumor treated with ifosfamide/carboplatin/etoposide alternating with cyclophosphamide/ topotecan.

EXPLORATORY OBJECTIVES:

I. To describe renal toxicity of ifosfamide/carboplatin/etoposide in HRrFHWT and VHRrFHWT patients using conventional and novel biomarkers of renal toxicity (urine NGAL, cystatin C and Kim1) in the context of the chemotherapy regimens used on this study.

II. To collect and bank serial blood and urine samples in patients with newly diagnosed DAWT or relapsed FHWT and tumor tissue in patients with relapsed FHWT, for future analysis.

III. To assess the impact of p53 gene and protein expression on outcome for patients with newly diagnosed DAWT.

IV. To determine EFS/OS in the subsets of patients with newly diagnosed DAWT or relapsed FWHT who undergo gross total resection at all disease sites at diagnosis or after neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

V. To describe the rate of regional lymph node sampling at the time of nephrectomy with the use of a pre-operative surgical checklist for patients with newly diagnosed DAWT.

VI. To determine the feasibility of intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) with central quality assurance (QA) monitoring to reduce radiation induced toxicity to the heart, thyroid, breast and solitary kidney for children with lung and liver metastases (part of an overarching aim in this study and across frontline favorable histology Wilms tumor studies).

Inclusion Criteria

• Patients with newly diagnosed stages 2 - 4 diffuse anaplastic Wilms tumor must be enrolled on AREN03B2 and have risk assignment or final pathology classification (if at delayed nephrectomy) results available prior to enrollment on AREN1921. Enrollment on AREN03B2 is not applicable for patients with relapsed favorable histology Wilms tumor
• Patients with the following diagnoses are eligible for this study:
  • Newly diagnosed stages 2 - 4 diffuse anaplastic Wilms tumor as confirmed by central review
  • Favorable histology Wilms tumor at first relapse. Relapsed FHWT patients must have previously achieved remission for their initial FHWT diagnosis to be eligible for this study. The relapse risk groups are defined as follows, regardless of radiation therapy:
    • Standard-Risk relapse: Patients who received two chemotherapy agents for frontline therapy; primarily actinomycin D and vincristine
    • High-Risk relapse: Patients who received three chemotherapy agents for frontline therapy; primarily vincristine, actinomycin D and doxorubicin or vincristine, actinomycin D and irinotecan
    • Very High-Risk relapse: Patients who received four or more chemotherapy agents as part of initial therapy; primarily Regimen M or its variations
• Patients with newly diagnosed DAWT must have had histologic verification of the malignancy. For relapsed FHWT patients, biopsy to prove recurrence is encouraged, but not required
  • Note: for relapsed FHWT patients, an institutional pathology report confirming favorable histology Wilms tumor (from relapse, if available, or from original diagnosis) must be available for upload prior to initiation of protocol therapy
• Patients with newly diagnosed stages 2 - 4 diffuse anaplastic Wilms tumor must be enrolled on AREN1921 within 2 weeks of the first tumor-directed surgery or biopsy procedure (surgery/biopsy is day 0), except for patients who received prior therapy for presumed favorable histology Wilms tumor, later confirmed to have diffuse anaplastic Wilms tumor at subsequent review
• Patients with newly diagnosed DAWT who undergo upfront nephrectomy must have at least 1 lymph node sampled prior to study enrollment
• Patients must have a performance status corresponding to Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) scores of 0, 1 or 2. Use Karnofsky for patients > 16 years of age and Lansky for patients =< 16 years of age
• Patients must have a life expectancy of >= 8 weeks
• Diffuse Anaplastic Wilms Tumor: Patients with diffuse anaplastic histology must have had no prior systemic therapy, except in the following situations:
  • Patients with diffuse anaplastic Wilms tumor who received no more than 12 weeks of pre nephrectomy chemotherapy for what was originally presumed to be favorable histology Wilms tumor, subsequently confirmed to be diffuse anaplastic Wilms tumor at delayed nephrectomy.
  • Patients with diffuse anaplastic Wilms tumor who received no more than 6 weeks of chemotherapy following upfront nephrectomy or biopsy for presumed favorable histology Wilms tumor based on institutional review, but subsequently corrected to diffuse anaplastic Wilms tumor based on the AREN03B2 initial risk assignment results.
  • Treatment consisting of vincristine/doxorubicin/ cyclophosphamide initiated on an emergent basis and within allowed timing as described
  • Patients who received prior therapy for presumed favorable histology Wilms tumor, later identified to have diffuse anaplastic Wilms tumor as per above, must begin study treatment starting at cycle 3 (week 7) of regimen UH 3. For treatment details specific to this group of patients. Patients who received emergency radiation to preserve organ function are eligible as noted
• Relapsed Favorable Histology Wilms Tumor: Patients must not have received prior chemotherapy for their relapsed favorable histology Wilms tumor diagnosis. In addition, patients must have fully recovered from the acute toxic effects of all prior chemotherapy, immunotherapy, or radiotherapy prior to entering this study
  • Myelosuppressive chemotherapy: Must not have received within 2 weeks of entry onto this study
  • Radiation therapy (RT): >= 2 weeks (wks) must have elapsed for local palliative RT (small port); >= 6 months must have elapsed if prior craniospinal RT or if >= 50% radiation of pelvis; >= 6 wks must have elapsed if other substantial BM radiation. Patients with relapsed favorable histology Wilms tumor who received emergency radiation to preserve organ function are eligible and do not need to washout with the above criteria
• Patients may not be receiving any other investigational agents (within 4 weeks prior to study enrollment)
• Peripheral absolute neutrophil count (ANC) >= 750/uL (performed within 7 days prior to enrollment)
• Platelet count >= 75,000/uL (transfusion independent) (performed within 7 days prior to enrollment)
• Hemoglobin >= 8.0 g/dL (may receive red blood cell [RBC] transfusions) (performed within 7 days prior to enrollment)
• Patients with high-risk or very high-risk relapsed FHWT who will be treated with Regimen ICE/Cyclo/Topo, must have renal function assessed by creatinine clearance or radioisotope glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and meet the following requirement:
  • Creatinine clearance or radioisotope GFR >= 60 mL/min/1.73 m^2 (performed within 7 days prior to enrollment)
• Patients diagnosed with stage 2-4 DAWT or standard risk relapsed FHWT, who will be treated with Regimen UH 3, may either obtain a creatinine clearance, radioisotope GFR (meeting the above criteria of GFR >= 60 mL/min/1.73 m^2), or an adequate serum creatinine as per the following table:
  • Age: Maximum Serum Creatinine (mg/dL)
  • 1 month to < 6 months: 0.4 (male and female)
  • 6 months to < 1 year: 0.5 (male and female)
  • 1 to < 2 years: 0.6 (male and female)
  • 2 to < 6 years: 0.8 (male and female)
  • 6 to < 10 years: 1 (male and female)
  • 10 to < 13 years: 1.2 (male and female)
  • 13 to < 16 years: 1.5 (male), 1.4 (female)
  • >= 16 years: 1.7 (male), 1.4 (female)
• Total bilirubin =< 1.5 x upper limit of normal (ULN) for age or direct bilirubin =< ULN for patients whose total bilirubin > 1.5 x ULN (performed within 7 days prior to enrollment)
• Serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) (aspartate aminotransferase [AST]) or serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) (alanine aminotransferase [ALT]) < 2.5 x upper limit of normal (ULN) for age or =< 5 x ULN for patients with liver metastases (performed within 7 days prior to enrollment)
• Shortening fraction of >= 27% by echocardiogram, or ejection fraction of >= 50% by radionuclide angiogram (performed within 7 days prior to enrollment)

Exclusion Criteria

• Patients with a history of bilateral Wilms tumor (synchronous or metachronous)
• Patients with any uncontrolled, intercurrent illness including, but not limited to, ongoing or active infection, or symptomatic congestive heart failure (defined as grade 2 or higher heart failure per Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events [CTCAE] version 5.0)
• Relapsed FHWT patients who did not receive frontline chemotherapy (e.g., very low risk FHWT initially observed without chemotherapy) or received only one chemotherapy agent for frontline therapy
• For patients with high-risk or very high-risk relapsed FHWT:
  • Patients with renal tubular acidosis (RTA) as evidenced by serum bicarbonate < 16 mmol/L and serum phosphate =< 2 mg/dL (or < 0.8 mmol/L) without supplementation
• For stages 2-4 DAWT and standard-risk relapsed FHWT patients:
  • Chronic inflammatory bowel disease and/or bowel obstruction
  • Concomitant use of St. John's wort, which cannot be stopped prior to the start of trial treatment
• Female patients who are pregnant since fetal toxicities and teratogenic effects have been noted for several of the study drugs. A pregnancy test is required for female patients of childbearing potential
• Lactating females who plan to breastfeed their infants
• Sexually active patients of reproductive potential who have not agreed to use an effective contraceptive method for the duration of their study participation

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Centres

Study Description

Difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) will be used in an open label, single agent, multicenter, study for patients with neuroblastoma in remission. In this study subjects will receive 730 Days of oral difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) at a dose of 500 to 1000 mg/m2 BID on each day of study. This study will focus on the use of DFMO in high risk neuroblastoma patients that are in remission as a strategy to prevent recurrence.

Inclusion Criteria

• All patients must have a pathologically confirmed diagnosis of neuroblastoma, < 30.99 years of age and classified as high risk at the time of diagnosis. Exception: patients who are initially diagnosed as non-high-risk neuroblastoma, but later converted (and/or relapsed) to high risk neuroblastoma are also eligible.

• All patients must be in complete remission (CR):

  1. No evidence of residual disease on scan
  2. No evidence of disease metastatic to bone marrow.
• Specific Criteria by Stratum:

Stratum 1: All patients must have completed standard upfront therapy that replicates treatment which patients who were enrolled on ANBL0032 received, including:

intensive induction chemotherapy and (if feasible) resection of primary tumor, followed by: consolidation with high-dose chemotherapy with stem cell transplant and radiotherapy, followed by: immunotherapy with Ch14.18/IL-2/GM-CSF (dinutuximab) and retinoic acid;.

All subjects on Stratum 1 must have also met the following criteria:

• A pre-transplant disease status evaluation that met International Neuroblastoma Response Criteria (INRC) for CR (complete response), VGPR (very good partial response), or PR (partial response) for primary site, soft tissue metastases and bone metastases. Patients who meet those criteria must also meet the protocol-specified criteria for bone marrow response prior to transplant as outlined below: No more than 10% tumor involvement (based on total nucleated cellular content) seen on any specimen from a bilateral bone marrow aspirate/biopsy.

Stratum 2: Neuroblastoma that is in first complete remission following standard upfront therapy different from that described for Stratum 1.

Stratum 3: Neuroblastoma that failed to have a response of at least PR following induction chemotherapy and surgical resection of the primary tumor, but that has achieved CR following additional therapy.

Stratum 4: Patients who have achieved a second or subsequent CR following relapse(s).

• Pre-enrollment tumor survey: Prior to enrollment on this study, a determination of mandatory disease staging must be performed:

  • Tumor imaging studies including
  • Bilateral bone marrow aspirates and biopsy
  • This disease assessment is required for eligibility and preferably should be done within 2 weeks prior to enrollment, but must be done within a maximum of 4 weeks before enrollment.
• Timing from prior therapy:

Stratum 1: Enrollment no later than 60 days after completion of upfront therapy, (last dose of cis-retinoic acid) with a maximum of 6 cycles of cis-retinoic acid maintenance therapy.

Stratum 2, 3 and 4: Enrollment no later than 60 days from last dose of the most recent therapy.

• Patients must have a Lansky or Karnofsky Performance Scale score of > 50% and patients must have a life expectancy of ≥ 2 months.
• All clinical and laboratory studies for organ functions to determine eligibility must be performed within 7 days prior to enrollment unless otherwise indicated below.

• Patients must have adequate organ functions at the time of registration:

  • Hematological: Total absolute phagocyte count ≥1000/μL
  • Liver: Subjects must have adequate liver function
  • Renal: Adequate renal function
• Females of childbearing potential must have a negative pregnancy test. Patients of childbearing potential must agree to use an effective birth control method. Female patients who are lactating must agree to stop breast-feeding.
• Written informed consent in accordance with institutional and FDA (food and drug administration) guidelines must be obtained from all subjects (or patients' legal representative).

Exclusion Criteria

• BSA (Body Surface Area) of <0.25 m2.
• Investigational Drugs: Subjects who are currently receiving another investigational drug are excluded from participation.
• Anti-cancer Agents: Subjects who are currently receiving other anticancer agents are not eligible. Subjects must have fully recovered from hematological and bone marrow suppression effects of prior chemotherapy.
• Infection: Subjects who have an uncontrolled infection are not eligible until the infection is judged to be well controlled in the opinion of the investigator.
• Subjects who, in the opinion of the investigator, may not be able to comply with the safety monitoring requirements of the study, or in whom compliance is likely to be suboptimal, should be excluded.

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Study Description

This phase II trial tests the safety and best dose of revumenib in combination with chemotherapy, and evaluates whether this treatment improves the outcome in infants and young children who have leukemia that has come back (relapsed) or does not respond to treatment (refractory) and is associated with a KMT2A (MLL) gene rearrangement (KMT2A-R). Leukemia is a cancer of the white blood cells, where too many underdeveloped (abnormal) white blood cells, called "blasts", are found in the bone marrow, which is the soft, spongy center of the bones that produces the three major blood cells: white blood cells to fight infection; red blood cells that carry oxygen; and platelets that help blood clot and stop bleeding. The blasts crowd out the normal blood cells in the bone marrow and spread to the blood. They can also spread to the brain, spinal cord, and/or other organs of the body.

The leukemia cells of some children have a genetic change in which a gene (KMT2A) is broken and combined with other genes that typically do not interact with one another; this is called "rearranged". This genetic rearrangement alters how other genes are turned on or off in the cell, turning on genes that drive the development of leukemia. Patients with KMT2A rearrangement have higher risk for cancer coming back after treatment. Revumenib is an oral medicine that directly targets the changes that occur in a cell with a KMT2A rearrangement and has been shown to specifically kill these leukemia cells in preclinical laboratory settings and in animals. Drugs used in chemotherapy, such as vincristine, prednisone, asparaginase, fludarabine and cytarabine work in different ways to stop the growth of cancer cells, either by killing the cells, by stopping them from dividing, or by stopping them from spreading. This trial is being done to find out if the combination of revumenib and chemotherapy would be safe and/or effective in treating infants and young children with relapsed or refractory KMT2A-R leukemia.

Inclusion Criteria

• Patients must be 1 month to < 6 years old at the time of study enrollment and must have had initial diagnosis of leukemia at < 2 years old.
• Patients must have KMT2A-rearranged acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), acute leukemia of ambiguous lineage (ALAL), or mixed phenotype acute leukemia (MPAL), which is determined to be refractory or in first marrow relapse. All patients must undergo cytogenetics and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) testing of a relapsed/refractory blast sample at a Children's Oncology Group (COG)-approved laboratory for KMT2A-R status determination and the presence of a KMT2A- rearrangement must be confirmed by central review. Cytogenetics results must be submitted for central review by Day 10 of protocol therapy, for confirmation of KMT2A-R status. Patients enrolled with refractory disease may utilize initial diagnostic cytogenetics for eligibility and submission for central review if testing was performed at a COG approved laboratory. Patients will be eligible to remain on protocol therapy if KMT2A-R is confirmed by central review. Additional methods of assessing for KMT2A-R may be considered if FISH does not detect the rearrangement.
• Disease status at time of enrollment must be one of the following:
  • First relapse (untreated): Any recurrence of marrow disease, with or without other extramedullary sites(s), at any point after achieving remission ("remission-1", per definition below) and meeting one of the below criteria. Patients must not have received any disease-directed therapy for the marrow relapse prior to enrollment, other than permitted cytoreduction.
    • Relapse M1: M1 morphology (< 5% blasts) + at least 2 confirmatory tests showing >= 1% blasts (testing includes flow, cytogenetics, polymerase chain reaction [PCR]/next-generation sequencing [NGS] of immunoglobulin [Ig]/T-cell receptor [TCR] rearrangement, and/or PCR or NGS of fusion gene identical to diagnosis), OR
    • Relapse M2: M2 morphology (5-25% blasts) + 1 confirmatory test showing > 1% blasts, OR
    • Relapse M3: M3 morphology (> 25% blasts)
  • Primary refractory, or failure to achieve remission-1: remission-1 is defined as < 1% marrow blasts by flow MRD and resolution of extramedullary disease following at least 2 courses of frontline chemotherapy. Patients who receive 2 courses of chemotherapy and 1 course of blinatumomab are also eligible, but no further treatment attempts beyond that are permitted
• Central nervous system (CNS) disease: Patients must have CNS1 or CNS2 status and no clinical signs or neurologic symptoms suggestive of CNS leukemia, such as cranial palsy.
  • Patients with CNS3 disease may receive antecedent intrathecal chemotherapy to achieve CNS1 or CNS2 status prior to enrollment.
  • Patients with a history of CNS chloromatous disease are required to have no radiographic evidence of CNS disease prior to enrollment.
• White blood cell (WBC) must be < 50,000/uL at the time of study enrollment. Patients can receive cytoreduction with hydroxyurea and/or corticosteroids for up to 7 days prior to enrollment.
• Patients >= 12 months of age must have a performance status by Lansky Scale of >= 50%.
• Patients must be able to take enteral medications. Acceptable routes of administration for revumenib (SNDX-5613) include: oral (PO), nasogastric (NG) tube, nasojejunal (NJ) tube, nasoduodenal (ND), and gastrostomy tube (G-tube).
• Patients must have fully recovered from the acute toxic effects of all prior chemotherapy, immunotherapy, or radiotherapy prior to entering this study
  • Patients must have fully recovered from the acute toxic effects of all prior chemotherapy, immunotherapy, or radiotherapy prior to entering this study
    • >= 14 days must have elapsed after the completion of other cytotoxic therapy, including patients who relapse during pre-Maintenance upfront therapy, with these specific exceptions: cytoreduction with hydroxyurea and/or corticosteroids, and intrathecal chemotherapy, which have no required washout periods. For patients who relapse during upfront Maintenance therapy, >= 7 days must have elapsed after the last dose of chemotherapy. Additionally, patients must have fully recovered from all acute toxic effects of prior therapy.
      • NOTE: Cytoreduction with hydroxyurea and/or corticosteroids is permitted prior to enrollment for patients with WBC >= 50,000/uL, and by provider discretion regardless of WBC, to reduce potential risk of differentiation syndrome with revumenib initiation. Hydroxyurea and/or corticosteroids may be given for up to 7 days, with no wash-out required.
      • NOTE: No waiting period is required for patients having received intrathecal cytarabine, methotrexate, and/or hydrocortisone. Intrathecal chemotherapy that is given up to 7 days prior to the initiation of protocol therapy counts as protocol therapy and not prior anti-cancer therapy. Intrathecal chemotherapy given > 7 days prior does not count as protocol therapy.
      • NOTE: Prior exposure to fludarabine and cytarabine (FLA) is permitted.
  • Anti-cancer agents not known to be myelosuppressive (e.g., not associated with reduced platelet or absolute neutrophil count [ANC] counts): >= 7 days after the last dose of agent.
  • Antibodies: >= 21 days must have elapsed from infusion of last dose of antibody, and toxicity related to prior antibody therapy must be recovered to grade =< 1. There is an exception for blinatumomab infusions, for which patients must have been off for at least 3 days and all drug related toxicity must have resolved to grade 2 or lower as outlined in the inclusion/exclusion criteria.
  • Hematopoietic growth factors: >= 14 days after the last dose of a long-acting growth factor (e.g., pegfilgrastim) or >= 7 days for short-acting growth factor. For agents that have known adverse events occurring beyond 7 days after administration, this period must be extended beyond the time during which adverse events are known to occur. The duration of this interval must be discussed with the study chair and the study-assigned Research Coordinator.
  • Interleukins, interferons and cytokines (other than hematopoietic growth factors): >= 21 days after the completion of interleukins, interferon, or cytokines
  • Stem cell infusions (with or without total body irradiation (TBI):
    • Allogeneic (non-autologous) bone marrow or stem cell transplant, or stem cell boost: >= 84 days after infusion
    • Donor leukocyte infusion: >= 28 days
  • Cellular therapy: >= 28 days after the completion of any type of cellular therapy (e.g., modified T cells, natural killer [NK] cells, dendritic cells, etc.)
  • Radiation therapy (XRT)/external beam irradiation including protons: >= 14 days after local XRT; >= 84 days after TBI, craniospinal XRT or if radiation to >= 50% of the pelvis; >= 42 days if other substantial bone marrow radiation.
• A creatinine based on age as follows:
  • Age 1 month to < 6 months: maximum creatinine 0.4 mg/dL
  • Age 6 months to < 1 year: maximum creatinine 0.5 mg/dL
  • Age 1 to < 2 years: maximum creatinine 0.6 mg/dL
  • Age 2 to < 6 years: maximum creatinine 0.8 mg/dL OR
    • a 24-hour urine creatinine clearance >= 70 mL/min/1.73 m^2 OR
    • a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) >= 70 mL/min/1.73 m^2. GFR must be performed using direct measurement with a nuclear blood sampling method OR direct small molecule clearance method (iothalamate or other molecule per institutional standard).
  • NOTE: Estimated GFR (eGFR) from creatinine, cystatin C or other estimates are not acceptable for determining eligibility.
• A direct bilirubin =< 1.5 x upper limit of normal (ULN) for age, unless disease related
• Serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) (alanine aminotransferase [ALT]) =< 135 U/L (3 x ULN) unless disease related.
  • Note: For the purpose of eligibility, the ULN for SGPT (ALT) has been set to the value of 45 U/L
• Shortening fraction of >= 27% by echocardiogram, or ejection fraction of >= 50% by radionuclide angiogram.
• Corrected QT interval using Fridericia formula (QTcF) of < 450 msec (using the average of triplicate measurements)
• NOTE: There are no specific electrolyte parameters for eligibility. However, it should be noted that, to limit QTc prolongation risk, patients must maintain adequate potassium and magnesium levels to initiate and continue revumenib (SNDX-5613) on protocol therapy.
• Patients must be able to comply with the safety monitoring requirements of the study, in the opinion of the treating investigator.

Exclusion Criteria

• Patients with isolated extramedullary leukemia.
• Patients diagnosed with Down syndrome.
• Patients known to have one of the following syndromes:
  • Bloom syndrome, ataxia-telangiectasia, Fanconi anemia, Kostmann syndrome, Shwachman syndrome, or any other known bone marrow failure syndrome.
• Patients with a secondary KMT2A-R leukemia that developed after treatment of prior malignancy with cytotoxic chemotherapy.
• Patients with a history of congenital prolonged QT syndrome, congestive heart failure or uncontrolled arrhythmia in the past 6 months prior to study enrollment.
• Patients with an active, uncontrolled infection, further defined below:
  • Positive bacterial blood culture within 48 hours of study enrollment
  • Fever above 38.2 degrees Celsius (C) within 48 hours of study enrollment with clinical signs of infection. Fever that is determined to be due to tumor burden is allowed if patients have documented negative blood cultures for at least 48 hours prior to enrollment and no concurrent signs or symptoms of active infection or hemodynamic instability
  • A positive fungal culture within 30 days of study enrollment or active therapy for presumed invasive fungal infection
  • Patients may be receiving IV or oral antibiotics to complete a course of therapy for a prior documented infection as long as cultures have been negative for at least 48 hours and signs or symptoms of active infection have resolved. For patients with Clostridium (C.) difficile diarrhea, at least 72 hours of antibacterial therapy must have elapsed and stools must have normalized to baseline
  • Active viral or protozoal infection requiring IV treatment
  • Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients are eligible if on effective anti-retroviral therapy that does not interact with planned study agents and with undetectable viral load within 6 months of enrollment.
• Patients with active acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) > grade 0 (unless skin only), or chronic GVHD > mild (unless skin only) are not eligible. Patients with acute or chronic skin GVHD that is =< grade 1, or chronic skin GVHD that is graded as mild are eligible.
• Patients who have received a prior solid organ transplantation.
• Patients with known Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, if treating on Regimen A (with vincristine).
• CYP3A4 Inhibitors or Inducers: Patients who require concomitant therapy with strong CYP3A4 inhibitors or moderate or strong CYP3A4 inducers, as these are prohibited during the chemotherapy combination cycles. These agents should be discontinued at least 5 half-lives prior to starting protocol therapy. Concomitant use of strong CYP3A4 inhibitor -azole antifungals are permitted during the revumenib (SNDX-5613) monotherapy cycles, with appropriate revumenib (SNDX-5613) dose modification
• P-glycoprotein (P-gp) inhibitors or inducers: Vincristine is a substrate for P-gp. Concomitant use of P-gp inhibitors or inducers with vincristine (patients receiving Regimen A Cycle 1) should be avoided.
• Investigational drugs: Patients who are currently receiving another investigational drug.
• Anti-cancer agents: Patients who are currently receiving other anti-cancer agents (exceptions: hydroxyurea and corticosteroids, which may be used as cytoreduction prior to enrollment).
• Anti-GVHD agents: Patients who are receiving cyclosporine, tacrolimus, or other systemic agents to treat graft-versus-host disease post bone marrow transplant. Patients should discontinue anti-GVHD agents > 7 days prior to enrollment and have no evidence of worsening GVHD. Topical steroids are permitted.
• Patients who have previously been treated with revumenib (SNDX-5613). Prior exposure to other menin inhibitors is permitted.
• All patients and/or their parents or legal guardians must sign a written informed consent.
• All institutional, Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and National Cancer Institute (NCI) requirements for human studies must be met.

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Study Description

This phase II trial tests effects of nivolumab in combination with chemotherapy drugs prior to radiation therapy patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Immunotherapy with monoclonal antibodies, such as nivolumab, may help the body's immune system attack the cancer, and may interfere with the ability of tumor cells to grow and spread. Chemotherapy drugs, such as gemcitabine and cisplatin, work in different ways to stop the growth of tumor cells, either by killing the cells, by stopping them from dividing, or by stopping them from spreading. Radiation therapy uses high energy x-rays, particles, or radioactive seeds to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors. Researchers want to find out what effects, good and/or bad, adding nivolumab to chemotherapy has on patients with newly diagnosed NPC. In addition, they want to find out if children with NPC may be treated with less radiation therapy and whether this decreases the side effects of therapy.

Inclusion Criteria

• Patients must be ≤ 21 years of age at the time of study enrollment
• Newly diagnosed American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage II-IV nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC)
  • Patients must have had histologic verification of the malignancy at original diagnosis
  • Although submission of tumor tissue for the molecular characterization initiative is not required for eligibility, it is strongly recommended
• Patients must have had histologic verification of the malignancy at original diagnosis
• Although submission of tumor tissue for the molecular characterization initiative is not required for eligibility, it is strongly recommended
• Patients must have a Lansky (for patients ≤ 16 years of age) or Karnofsky (for patients > 16 years of age) performance status score of ≥ 60%
• Peripheral absolute neutrophil count (ANC) ≥ 1000/uL (within 7 days prior to start of protocol therapy)
• Platelet count ≥ 100,000/uL (transfusion independent) (within 7 days prior to start of protocol therapy)
• Creatinine clearance or radioisotope glomerular filtration rate (GFR) ≥ 60 mL/min/1.73 m^2 or (within 7 days prior to start of protocol therapy)
• A serum creatinine based on age/gender (within 7 days prior to start of protocol therapy) Age: Maximum serum creatinine (mg/dL)
  • 1 month to < 6 months: 0.4 mg/dL (male); 0.4 mg/dL (female) 6 months to < 1 year: 0.5 mg/dL (male); 0.5 mg/dL (female)
  • 1 to < 2 years: 0.6 mg/dL (male); 0.6 mg/dL (female)
  • 2 to < 6 years: 0.8 mg/dL (male); 0.8 mg/dL (female)
  • 6 to < 10 years 1 mg/dL (male); 1 mg/dL (female)
  • 10 to <13 years: 1.2 mg/dL (male); 1.2 mg/dL (female)
  • 13 to < 16 years: 1.5 mg/dL (male); 1.4 mg/dL (female)
  • ≥ 16 years: 1.7 mg/dL (male); 1.4 mg/dL (female)
• Total bilirubin ≤ 1.5 x upper limit of normal (ULN) for age, and (within 7 days prior to start of protocol therapy)
• Serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) (alanine aminotransferase [ALT]) ≤ 135 U/L* (within 7 days prior to start of protocol therapy)
  • Note: For the purpose of this study, the ULN for SGPT (ALT) has been set to the value of 45 U/L
• Shortening fraction of ≥ 27% by echocardiogram, or
• Ejection fraction of ≥ 50% by radionuclide angiogram
• No evidence of dyspnea at rest, no exercise intolerance, and a pulse oximetry > 94% if there is clinical indication for determination
• Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients on effective anti-retroviral therapy with undetectable viral load within 6 months and T-cell count above the lower limit of normal are eligible for this trial
• For patients with evidence of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, the HBV viral load must be undetectable on suppressive therapy, if indicated. Patients with a history of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection must have been treated and cured. For patients with HCV infection who are currently on treatment, they are eligible if they have an undetectable HCV viral load

Exclusion Criteria

• Patients who received prior radiotherapy to the head or neck
• Patients who received prior chemotherapy or radiation for the treatment of any cancer in the last 3 years. These patients must also be in remission
• Patients with a diagnosis of immunodeficiency
• Patients with an active autoimmune disease that has required systemic treatment in the past 2 years (i.e., with use of disease-modifying agents, corticosteroids, or immunosuppressive agents). Replacement therapy (e.g., thyroxine, insulin, or physiologic corticosteroid replacement therapy for adrenal or pituitary insufficiency, etc.) is not considered a form of systemic treatment.
  • Note: Patients with well-controlled asthma and no need for systemic steroids for the treatment of asthma in the last 12 months will not be excluded
• Patients with a condition requiring systemic treatment with either corticosteroids (> 0.25 mg/kg (10 mg) daily prednisone equivalent) within 14 days or other immunosuppressive medications within 30 days of enrollment. Inhaled or topical steroids, and adrenal replacement steroid doses > 0.25 mg/kg (10 mg) daily prednisone equivalent, are permitted in the absence of active autoimmune disease
• Patients with a history of (non-infectious) pneumonitis that required steroids or current pneumonitis
• Patients with detectable viral load of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B or hepatitis C, or active tuberculosis
• Patients who have undergone solid organ or allogeneic hematopoietic transplant at any time
• Due to risks of fetal and teratogenic adverse events as seen in animal studies, a negative pregnancy test must be obtained in females of childbearing potential, defined as females who are post-menarchal. If the urine test is positive or cannot be confirmed as negative, a serum pregnancy test will be required
• Females of childbearing potential that are sexually active must agree to either practice 2 medically accepted highly-effective methods of contraception at the same time or abstain from heterosexual intercourse from the time of signing the informed consent through 5 months after the last dose of nivolumab, 6 months after the last dose of gemcitabine, and 14 months after the last dose of cisplatin, whichever is longer
• Males of childbearing potential that are sexually active must agree to either practice a medically accepted highly-effective methods of contraception or abstain from heterosexual intercourse from the time of signing the informed consent through 3 months after the last dose of gemcitabine, and 11 months after the last dose of cisplatin, whichever is longer
• Lactating females are not eligible unless they have agreed not to breastfeed their infants starting with the first dose of study therapy through 5 months after the last dose of nivolumab
• All patients and/or their parents or legal guardians must sign a written informed consent
• All institutional, Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and National Cancer Institute (NCI) requirements for human studies must be met

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Study Description

The purpose of Phase 1b of this study is to:

• Asses the safety, tolerability and activity of carfilzomib, alone and in combination with induction chemotherapy, in children with relapsed or refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).
• Determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and to recommend a phase 2 dose of carfilzomib in combination with induction chemotherapy.

The purpose of Phase 2 of this study is to compare the rate of complete response (CR) of carfilzomib in combination with vincristine, dexamethasone, PEG asparaginase, daunorubicin (VXLD) at the end of induction therapy to an appropriate external control.

Inclusion Criteria

Phase 1b Key Inclusion Criteria:

1. Age 21 years or younger at the time of initial ALL diagnosis and age > 1 year at the time of study treatment initiation.

2. Subjects must have a diagnosis of relapsed or refractory ALL with ≥ 5% blasts in the bone marrow (M2 or M3 disease), with or without extramedullary disease.

   -To be eligible, subjects must have had 1 or more prior therapeutic attempts, defined as:

   • Early first relapse (< 36 months from original diagnosis) after achieving a CR (B-ALL) or first relapse any time following the original diagnosis after achieving a CR (T-ALL)
   • First refractory bone marrow relapse occurring any time after original diagnosis after achieving a CR (ie, ≥1 failed attempt to induce a second remission) OR
   • Relapse after achieving a CR following the first or subsequent relapse (i.e., ≥ 2 relapses) OR
   • Failing to achieve a CR from original diagnosis after at least 1 induction attempt
3. Subjects must have fully recovered from the acute toxic effects of all previous chemotherapy, immunotherapy, or radiotherapy treatment before enrollment.
4. Subjects must have a serum creatinine level that is ≤ 1.5 × institutional upper limit of normal (ULN) according to age. If serum creatinine level is > 1.5 × ULN, the subject must have a calculated creatinine clearance or radioisotope glomerular filtration rate (GFR) ≥ 70 mL/min/1.73 m2.

5. Adequate liver function, defined as both of the following:

   • Total bilirubin ≤ 1.5 × institutional ULN except in the presence of Gilbert Syndrome
   • Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ≤ 5 × institutional ULN
6. Performance status: Karnofsky or Lansky scores ≥ 50 for subjects > 16 years old or ≤ 16 years old, respectively.

Phase 2 Inclusion Criteria:

1. Subject's legally acceptable representative has provided informed consent when the subject is legally too young to provide informed consent and the subject has provided written assent based on local regulations and/or guidelines prior to any study-specific activities/procedures being initiated.
2. Age ≥ 1 month to < 21 years. Subjects ≥ 18 years must have had their original diagnosis at < 18 years of age.
3. Subjects must be diagnosed with relapsed or refractory relapsed ALL.
4. Subjects must have a documented first remission, ≤ 5% blasts in the bone marrow (M1 bone marrow) and no evidence of extramedullary disease.

5. T-cell ALL with bone marrow relapse (defined as ≥ 5% leukemia blasts in bone marrow) or refractory relapse with or without extramedullary disease.

   OR B-cell ALL bone marrow relapse or refractory relapse (defined as ≥ 5% leukemia blasts in bone marrow) after having received a targeted B-cell immune therapy as treatment for a prior relapse (eg, blinatumomab, inotuzumab or a CAR-T therapy) with or without extramedullary disease. Subjects that receive blinatumomab for treatment of MRD positive disease during first remission do not qualify.

6. Adequate liver function: bilirubin ≤ 1.5 x upper limit of normal (ULN), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ≤ 5 x ULN.
7. Adequate renal function: serum creatinine ≤ 1.5 x ULN or glomerular filtration rate (GFR) ≥ 70 ml/min/1.73m^2; or for children < 2 years of age ≥ 50 ml/min/1.73m^2.
8. Adequate cardiac function: shortening fraction > 30% or ejection fraction ≥ 50%.
9. Karnofsky (subjects ≥ 16 years of age) or Lansky (subjects 12 months to < 16 years of age) performance status ≥ 50%.
10. Subjects must have fully recovered from the acute toxic effects of all previous chemotherapy, immunotherapy, or radiotherapy treatment before enrollment (for example: recovery from gastrointestinal toxicity may occur more rapidly than less reversible organ toxicities such as sinusoidal obstruction syndrome or non-infectious pneumonitis, for serious prior toxicities recommended discussion with Amgen medical monitor).
11. Life expectancy of ≥ 6 weeks per investigator's judgement at time of screening.

Exclusion Criteria

Phase 1b Key Exclusion Criteria:

1. Known allergy to any of the drugs used in the study (Subjects who have had a previous allergy to PEG-asparaginase and if able, may receive Erwinia asparaginase at the investigator's discretion)
2. Known allergy to Captisol (a cyclodextrin derivative used to solubilize carfilzomib)
3. Left ventricular fractional shortening < 30%
4. History of ≥ Grade 2 pancreatitis
5. Active graft-versus-host disease requiring systemic treatment
6. Positive culture for or other clinical evidence of infection with bacteria or fungus within 14 days of the initiation of study treatment
7. Down Syndrome

8. Prior therapy restrictions:

   • Subjects must have completed therapy with granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) or other myeloid growth factors at least 7 days before study treatment initiation, or at least 14 days before study treatment initiation, if pegylated myeloid growth factors were administered.
   • Subjects must have completed any type of active immunotherapy (e.g., tumor vaccines) at least 42 days before study treatment initiation.
   • Subjects must have received the last dose of a non-monoclonal antibody biologic agent at least 7 days before study treatment initiation.
   • At least 3 antibody half-lives must have elapsed since the last dose of monoclonal antibody (e.g., 66 days for rituximab and 69 days for epratuzumab) before subjects may initiate study treatment.
   • Subjects must not have received other antineoplastic agents with therapeutic intent, excluding hydroxyurea and antimetabolites administered as part of maintenance chemotherapy, within 7 days prior to study treatment initiation.
9. Hepatitis B infection with positive hepatitis B DNA

Phase 2 Exclusion Criteria:

1. Prior treatment with carfilzomib.
2. Prior treatment with a proteasome inhibitor (other than carfilzomib) within < 3 months of enrollment or to which a subject did not respond (response is defined as bone marrow with < 5% blasts).
3. Treatment with a chemotherapy regimen including a vinca alkaloid, steroid, L-asparaginase, and anthracycline combination with or without other chemotherapy agents within 2 months of enrollment (eg VXLD, VPLD, R3).
4. Intolerance, hypersensitivity, or inability to receive any of the chemotherapy components of the VXLD regimen. An exception is allowed for allergy to asparaginase products if Erwinia Asparaginase is unable to be administered, or if PEG-Asparaginase or Erwinia Asparaginase are not available in the country, these subjects may still be included.
5. Autologous HSCT within 6 weeks prior to start of study treatment.
6. Allogeneic HSCT within 3 months prior to start of study treatment.
7. Active GVHD requiring systemic immune suppression.
8. < 30 days from discontinuation of immune suppressive therapy administered for the treatment of acute or chronic GVHD.
9. Isolated extramedullary relapse.
10. Positive bacterial or fungal infection within 14 days of enrollment (except for documented line infection, line has been removed, and blood culture after line removal is negative for 5 days prior to first dose of induction therapy). Antibiotics may be administered for prophylaxis as per institutional standards up to and after enrollment.
11. < 3 antibody half-lives since the last dose of monoclonal antibody (eg, 66 days for rituximab, 69 days for epratuzumab, inotuzumab for 36 days), prior to first dose of investigational product.
12. Cell-based immunotherapy (eg, donor leucocyte infusion, CAR-T cells, tumor vaccines) within 42 days prior to first dose of investigational product. If the Amgen medical monitor agrees, an exception may be granted to the 42-day requirement for subjects with rapidly rising peripheral or bone marrow blast counts.
13. Down's syndrome.
14. Presence of another active cancer.
15. History of grade ≥ 2 pancreatitis within 6 months to screening.
16. Unresolved toxicities from prior anticancer therapy, defined as not having resolved to CTCAE version 4.03 grade 1 or to levels dictated in the eligibility criteria apart from alopecia or toxicities from prior anticancer therapy that are considered irreversible and do not trigger another exclusion criterion (defined as having been present and stable for > 4 weeks).
17. Antitumor therapy (chemotherapy, investigational agents, molecular-targeted therapy) within 7 days of day 1 of induction. Exception: hydroxyurea to control peripheral blood leukemic cell counts is allowed until start of investigational product.
18. Active viral infection, including but not limited to CMV, Hepatitis B infection with positive serum hepatitis surface antigen or hepatitis B DNA, HIV, Hepatitis C with detectable hepatitis C RNA.
19. Currently receiving treatment in another investigational device or product study, or < 14 days since ending treatment on another investigational device or product study.
20. Uncontrolled arrhythmias or screening ECG with corrected QT interval (QTc) of > 470 msec.
21. History or evidence of any other clinically significant disorder, condition or disease (with the exception of those outlined above) that, in the opinion of the investigator or Amgen physician, if consulted, would pose a risk to subject safety or interfere with the study evaluation, procedures or completion.
22. Female subject is pregnant or breastfeeding or planning to become pregnant or breastfeed during treatment and for an additional months after the last dose of any study treatment or for 12 months after last dose of cyclophosphamide if administered during optional consolidation cycle.
23. Female subjects of childbearing potential unwilling to use 1 highly effective method of contraception during treatment and for an additional 12 months after the last dose of any study treatment. Refer to Section 28 for additional contraceptive information.
24. Female subjects of childbearing potential with a positive pregnancy test assessed at Screening by a serum or urine pregnancy test.
25. Male subjects with a female partner of childbearing potential who are unwilling to practice sexual abstinence (refrain from heterosexual intercourse) or use a condom with spermicide during treatment and for an additional 6 months after the last dose of any study treatment, even if they have undergone a successful vasectomy.
26. Male subjects with a pregnant partner who are unwilling to practice abstinence or use a condom with spermicide during treatment, for duration of pregnancy, and for an additional 6 months after the last dose of any study treatment.
27. Male subjects unwilling to abstain from donating semen or sperm during treatment and for an additional 6 months after the last dose of any study treatment.

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Study Description

The purpose of this study is to assess the safety and tolerability of epcoritamab in pediatric participants with relapsed/refractory aggressive mature B-cell neoplasms and young adult participants with Burkitt's or Burkitt-like lymphoma/leukemia. Adverse events and change in disease activity will be assessed.

Epcoritamab is an investigational drug being developed for the treatment of relapsed/refractory aggressive mature B-cell neoplasms. Participants will receive subcutaneous (SC) of epcoritamab. Approximately 15 pediatric participants with a diagnosis of relapsed/refractory aggressive mature B-cell neoplasms and and young adult participants, ages of 18-25, with a diagnosis of Burkitt's or Burkitt-like lymphoma/leukemia will be enrolled at 50 sites globally.

Participants will receive subcutaneous epcoritamab in 28-day cycles. Participants will be followed for a minimum of 3 years after enrollment.

Inclusion Criteria

• Participants >= 1 and < 18 years old at time of primary diagnosis with Burkitt's or Burkitt-like lymphoma/leukemia, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), or other aggressive mature (CD20+) B-cell lymphomas. Participants up to 25 years of age with Burkitt's or Burkitt-like lymphoma/leukemia are also eligible.
• Disease pathologically confirmed (tumor tissue) by local testing.

• Relapsed or primary refractory disease meeting any of the following criteria:

  • Progressive disease at any time during second-line chemoimmunotherapy (CIT).
  • Best response of stable disease (SD) after a minimum of 2 cycles of second-line CIT.
  • Best response of partial response (PR) after a minimum of 3 cycles of second-line CIT.
  • Complete Response (CR) after a minimum of 3 cycles of second-line CIT therapy but unfit or ineligible for consolidation with cell therapy.
  • Not in CR and unable to initiate or tolerate (i.e., must discontinue) second-line CIT.
  • Have received cell therapy (allogeneic or autologous transplant or chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy) as consolidation but have not obtained or maintained a CR.
• Recovery from toxic effects of prior chemoimmunotherapy.
• Performance status by Lansky (< 16 years old at evaluation) or Karnofsky (>= 16 years old at evaluation) score >= 50 or Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) score <= 2 .
• Adequate bone marrow, hepatic, and renal function.

Other inclusion criteria may apply

Exclusion Criteria

• Known central nervous system (CNS) involvement by lymphoma at screening as confirmed by screening magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)/computed tomography (CT)/positron emission tomography (PET) brain scans (participants with evidence of CNS disease only in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) will be eligible).
• Other malignancy requiring therapy.
• Currently receiving anti-cancer therapy, including chemotherapy (excluding intrathecal therapy), radiotherapy, small molecules, monoclonal antibodies, cell therapy, or other investigational agents.

Other exclusion criteria may apply

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Study Description

This is a single-arm, non-randomized study of re-irradiation of diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG)

Study therapy will consist of radiation therapy (RT) given over 17 treatment days (for 30.6 Gy in fractions of 1.8 Gy) or 20 treatment days (for 36 Gy in 1.8 Gy fractions), depending on the time from completion of the first course of RT. Treatment days will generally be weekdays, not including statutory holidays.

Inclusion Criteria

All of these criteria must be met for a patient to be eligible for this study:

1. The patient is 17 years of age or younger at the time of first or second relapse or progression of DIPG
2. The patient has no evidence of metastases on cranial or spinal MR imaging
3. The patient has received RT in the past, given to a total cumulative dose of <60 Gy; prior radiation using opposed lateral fields, conformal 3-D fields, IMRT or using protons is acceptable
4. At least 180 days have elapsed from the last day of primary RT for DIPG
5. The patient has recovered from all acute and subacute toxicities of prior RT and of chemotherapy, if chemotherapy was utilized in the past
6. The patient has been off all anti-tumour therapy for at least 14 days
7. The patient has a Lansky score of 40% or higher
8. The patient has a life expectancy anticipated to be at least 8 weeks with treatment using re-irradiation, with or without dexamethasone
9. The patient has no uncontrolled medical condition (e.g., seizures, diabetes, infection) that would interfere with the delivery of rRT
10. The patient agrees to not enroll on any other clinical trial of an anti-tumour intervention
11. The patient agrees to report and have recorded the use of all medications taken during ReRAD therapy, from the time of diagnosis of progression or recurrence, then through and after completion of, ReRAD therapy; this includes the use of complementary, alternative and dietary therapies
12. The patient is treated at a site where the study is approved by the local ethics board
13. Males and females of child-bearing potential must agree to use effective birth control measures during rRT
14. Consent, and, if applicable, assent, has been obtained according to institutional standards

Exclusion Criteria

If the patient fulfills any of these criteria, then he or she will not be eligible for the study:

1. Females who are pregnant, due to risks from rRT on the developing fetus.
2. Any patient with a condition that prohibits the planned delivery of rRT as prescribed in this study.
3. Patients who are receiving any other clinical trial of an anti-tumour intervention

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Study Description

Brief Summary:

Quizartinib is an experimental drug. It is not approved for regular use. It can only be used in medical research.

Children or young adults with a certain kind of blood cancer (FLT3-ITD AML) might be able to join this study if it has come back after remission or is not responding to treatment.

Detailed Description:

The medical condition being investigated is relapsed or refractory AML in participants aged ≥1 month to ≤21 years with Feline McDonough Sarcoma (FMS)-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3)-internal tandem duplication (ITD) mutations (FLT3-ITD AML), following failure of front-line intensive chemotherapy.

The trial will be conducted in multiple phases. An independent data monitoring committee (DMC) will protect the rights, safety, and well-being of participants by monitoring the progress and results. The DMC will comprise qualified physicians and scientists who are not Investigators in the study and not otherwise directly associated with the Sponsor and will be convened at the end of Phase 1.

A. Dose Escalation/De-escalation Phase:

Number of participants is determined by age group. Participants will be enrolled by dose-level to determine the recommended Phase 2 dose (RP2D) of quizartinib for pediatric participants that provides similar exposure to adult patients treated at the target adult dose of 60 mg orally once daily.

B. Dose-Expansion Phase:

Participants will receive the RP2D of quizartinib for their respective age group.

During both dose escalation and dose expansion phases, participants will receive:

Re-Induction Therapy

• Intrathecal (IT) triple chemotherapy prophylaxis prior to and between cycles
• In re-induction Cycles 1 and 2, fludarabine/cytarabine (FLA) followed by quizartinib as a single agent

Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT) Period:

After re-induction therapy, participants will be evaluated for eligibility to undergo allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT). Eligible participants may receive a single 28-day cycle of consolidation therapy (standard of care chemotherapy with or without quizartinib) if an allogeneic HSCT is not available immediately. The options for consolidation therapy are as follows:

• High intensity chemotherapy with quizartinib, or
• Low intensity chemotherapy alone, or
• Low intensity therapy with quizartinib as a single agent

Continuation Therapy:

Participants in remission after HSCT, or who are not eligible for HSCT but achieve at least a partial remission (PR) after re-induction, will receive up to 12 continuous 28-day cycles of quizartinib continuation therapy at the same dose received during re-induction in the dose expansion phase.

Long-term Follow-up:

The long-term follow-up phase begins upon completion of 12 cycles of quizartinib Continuation Therapy or permanent discontinuation of quizartinib at any time. After completion of the 30-day safety follow-up visit, subsequent visits will occur at the following frequencies to assess survival and anti-leukemic treatments:

• every 3 months for the first 2 years, and then
• once a year thereafter until the last participant enrolled has been followed for three years from the date of enrollment

Inclusion Criteria

• Has diagnosis of AML according to the World Health Organization (WHO) 2008 classification with >5% blasts in bone marrow, with or without extramedullary disease
• Is in first relapse or refractory to first-line high-dose chemotherapy with no more than 1 attempt (1 to 2 cycles of induction chemotherapy) at remission induction - prior HSCT is permitted
• Has presence of the FLT3-ITD activating mutation in bone marrow or peripheral blood as defined in the protocol
• Is between 1 month and 21 years of age at the time the Informed Consent/Assent form is signed
• Has protocol-defined adequate performance status score
• Has fully recovered from the acute clinically significant toxicity effects of all prior chemotherapy, immunotherapy, or radiotherapy, per protocol guidelines
• Has protocol-defined adequate renal, hepatic and cardiac functions
• If of reproductive potential, is permanently sterile or agrees to use highly effective birth control upon enrollment, during the period of therapy, and for 6 months following the last dose of study drug or cytarabine, whichever is later
• If female of child-bearing potential, tests negative for pregnancy and agrees not to breast feed
• Participant/legal representative is capable of understanding the investigational nature of the study, potential risks, and benefits, and the patient (and/or legal representative) signs a written assent/informed consent
• Meets protocol-specified guidelines before inclusion in the continuation therapy phase

Exclusion Criteria

• Has been diagnosed with isolated central nervous system relapse, certain kinds of leukemia, or with myeloid proliferations related to Down syndrome
• Has uncontrolled or pre-defined significant cardiovascular disease as detailed in the protocol
• Has systemic fungal, bacterial, viral or other infection that is exhibiting ongoing signs/symptoms related to the infection without improvement despite appropriate antibiotics or other treatment. The patient must be off vasopressors and have negative blood cultures for at least 48 hours prior to the start of systematic protocol therapy.
• Has known active clinically relevant liver disease (e.g., active hepatitis B or active hepatitis C)
• Has known history of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
• Has history of hypersensitivity to any of the study medications or their excipients
• Is receiving or is anticipated to receive concomitant chemotherapy, radiation, or immunotherapy other than as specified in the protocol
• Has any significant concurrent disease, illness, psychiatric disorder or social issue that would compromise subject safety or compliance, interfere with consent/assent, study participation, follow up, or interpretation of study results
• Is currently participating in another investigative interventional procedure (observational or long-term interventional follow-up is allowed)
• Is otherwise considered inappropriate for the study by the Investigator